树干茎流研究方法及其述评

树干茎流研究是国内外森林水文学研究中的重要内容,对国内外树干茎流的研究方法及研究成果进行综述,并将树干茎流研究方法分为野外实测法和数学模型估测法,分别进行了系统分类和简要述评。树干茎流的野外实测法有观测标准株的选取与树干茎流水的收集两个关键技术环节。树干茎流的数学模型分为3种类型,即经验模型、概念模型、理论模型。经验模型反映的是树干茎流量(或茎流流率)与降雨量的定量关系,概念模型描述的是茎流量与降雨特征及林分特征因子的数量关系,理论模型刻画了树干茎流形成的机理和动态变化过程(树干茎流随降雨的时空变化规律),分别给出了各类模型主要的数学表达式,并分析了各类模型主要的优点和缺点。

Review on Research Methods of Stemflow

The stemflow is an important research contents in the forest hydrology research. Research method and main conclusion of stemflow were reviewed based on the development of stemflow studies at home and abroad. The methods of stemflow studies were divided into practical measurement in field and calculation by mathematic model, and were respectively classified systemically and reviewed in brief. It was emphasized that the methods of measure in field have two critical techniques, including selection of sample trees and collection of stemflow. Stemflow mathematic models were divided into three kinds, which are experiential model, conceptual model and theoretical model, and their merits and flaws were pointed out. Experiential models reflected the quantitative relationship of stemflow quantity (or stemflow ratio) and rainfall, conceptual models described the quantitative relation between stemflow quantity and rainfall as well as forest characteristics, and theoretical models depicted the dynamic course of stemflow following rainfall.