城市土壤研究进展与中国城市土壤生态保护研究

加速城市化发展已成为我国经济、社会发展的必然,但随着城市化的发展,城市土壤环境质量急剧恶化,城市土壤已成为中国土壤学和城市化问题研究中亟需关注的领域。在城市化进程中大规模的工程建设、大量废弃物的排放和频繁的交通运输等多种因素的综合作用下,城市土壤结构被破坏,土壤剖面层次混乱,土壤化学性质变异加大,土壤生物多样性降低,土壤肥力水平下降。为减缓城市活动施加于土壤生态系统的负面影响,当前的城市土壤研究应首先在样点城市通过"城-郊-乡"生态样带来开展城市化土壤环境效应的定量研究,重点进行城市土壤基础信息数据库的构建和城市土壤的分类与制图,加强城市土壤环境修复技术和城市废弃物处理技术的研究及应用。同时,积极运用景观生态学原理,进行合理规划,构建城市绿色空间网络体系。为从根本上实现城市土壤资源的有效保护和持续利用,应加强宣传有关土壤知识,使广大公众积极参与城市土壤的保护,尤其使城市管理者相信在城市建筑和规划活动中有必要利用土壤学研究成果。

Research Progress in Effect of Urbanization on Urban Soil Environment

It's necessary to accelerate urbanization for the advance of economy and society in China, but the urban soil qualities grow worse rapidly with the advance of urbanization, so urban soil has been a focus in the research on urbanization's problems and desiderates the attention from the public, especially the urban managers and soil scientists in China. In the progress of urbanization, soil structure are often spoiled, arrangement of horizons is disturbed, chemical properties vary greatly, and soil biodiversity and fertility drop because of massive constructional engineering, vast emission of municipal wastes and heavy traffic etc. To lighten or eliminate the negative effects of urban activities on soil ecosystem, countermeasures have been put forward in the paper, such as researching quantificationally the effect of urbanization on urban soil environment along an urban rural ecological transect in sample cities, constructing the database of urban soil's basic information, classifying and mapping urban soil, strengthening the research about technologies of soil environmental remediation and treatment of municipal wastes, rational planning and constructing urban green networks. Moreover, the principal measure to realize the sustainable use of urban soil is to intensify the propaganda of the knowledge about soil for active public participation to protect urban soil, especially make the urban managers realize it necessary to use the research results of urban soil in the building activities and planning.