不同肥料对高吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响及养分吸持研究

通过对高吸水性树脂在不同肥料溶液中吸水倍率和肥料养分吸持量的测定,研究了不同吸水倍率的聚丙烯酰胺型、聚丙烯酸盐型、淀粉接枝型高吸水性树脂与氮、磷、钾肥料的相互影响。结果表明:化学肥料能显著降低高吸水性树脂的吸水倍率,并随肥料浓度的增加,高吸水性树脂吸水倍率显著降低。但不同肥料品种对高吸水性树脂吸水倍率的影响程度不同:供试肥料对高吸水性树脂的影响程度依过磷酸钙、磷酸一铵、硫酸钾、氯化铵、硫酸铵、氯化钾、尿素顺序递减。高吸水性树脂在水中溶胀时,在吸收大量水的同时,也吸持溶解在水中的肥料分子或离子,吸持量的大小因高吸水性树脂和肥料种类而不同。肥料浓度达到一定值后,随着高吸水性树脂吸水倍率的降低,吸持量也随之降低。聚丙烯酰胺型和聚丙烯酸盐型的高吸水性树脂在肥料溶液中的稳定性较淀粉接枝型要强。

Effects of Chemical Fertilizers on Water Absorbent Rate of Super Absorbent Polymers and Their Adsorption and Fixation

The interactions between different N, P, K fertilizers and super absorbent polymers(SAP) with different water absorbent rate (WAR) such as polyacry lamide, polyacrylic salt, and starch graft polymer were studied by determining WAR and amounts of absorbed and fixed fertilizers by SAP. The results showed that chemical fertilizers could obviously decrease the WARs of SAPs, and the WARs of SAPs were markedly decreased with the fertilizer concentration increased. However, different fertilizers had different affecting degrees. The effects of fertilizer on the WARs were: super phosphate > monoammonium phosphate > potassium sulfate > ammonium chloride > ammonium sulfate > potassium chloride> urea. When SAPs swelled in water, they absorbed and fixed the fertilizers dissolved in water while they absorbed water. The amounts of absorbed and fixed fertilizers differed with SAPs and fertilizer types. Up to a certain fertilizer concentration, it decreased with the WARs decreased. Polyacry lamide and polyacrylic salt graft polymer had stronger resistance to fertilizers than starch graft polymer.