生物炭与有机肥、无机肥配施对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性状的影响

为了研究施用生物炭对采煤塌陷复垦土壤的熟化效果,以山西省晋城市采煤塌陷复垦区土壤为研究对象,连续3年采用生物炭与有机肥、无机肥配施等方式研究其对复垦土壤主要理化性状的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理均不同程度改善了土壤的理化性状,有机肥配施生物炭处理明显降低了复垦土壤容重(降幅10%),提高了土壤孔隙含水率(增幅7.14%),但对土壤pH影响不明显。有机肥处理和无机肥处理的土壤全氮、全磷含量差异不显著;无机肥配施生物炭处理与单施无机肥处理相比,速效磷增加了8.33%,速效钾增加了6.34%,增幅较明显,对碱解氮影响则不明显。有机肥配施生物炭,土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌数量增幅不明显;无机肥配施生物炭,真菌数量增幅最为明显(11.7%)。有机肥、无机肥配施生物炭处理玉米产量分别提高了3.03%和2.70%,生物炭的增产作用有限。因此,在复垦土壤上施用生物炭后可以提高有机肥和无机肥的培肥效果,单施生物炭效果不明显。

Effects of Biochar and Combined Application with Organic, Chemical Fertilizers on Physical and Chemical Properties of Coal Mining Subsidence Reclaimed Soil

We examined the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil in coal-mining subsidence areas,and the influences of biochar and combined application with organic and chemical fertilizers for three consecutive years.The results were as follows:All treatments could improve soil physical,chemical and biological properties.Compared with the control,organic + biochar treatment significantly decreased the soil bulk density by 10％,and increased soil pore water content by 7.14 ％,while the change of soil pH was not obvious.Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment,soil available phosphorous,potassium in chemical + biochar treatment increased by 8.33％,and 6.34％,respectively,whereas biochar had little effect on soil alkaline nitrogen,little increase in the number of bacteria,fungi,actinomycete in organic+ biochar treatment;The number of fungi increased significantly by 11.7％ in chemical + biochar treatment.Corn production in organic + biochar treatment and chemical + biochar treatment increased by 3.03％,and 2.70％ respectively,while biochar had little effect.Therefore,the application of organic and chemical fertilizer was beneficial to improve the reclaimed soil,while biochar was no use.