水平阶种植油茶对红壤坡地土壤理化性质的影响

以江西省玉山县红壤丘陵区不同林龄(1a和15a)人工油茶林地土壤为研究对象,按不同坡位(上、中、下)、土层(0—10,10—20cm)采集土壤样品,分析其理化性质。结果表明:(1)随着油茶林龄增加,土壤容重呈减小趋势,而土壤含水量、田间持水量均呈增大趋势;土壤pH、有机质含量除上坡位外均呈显著增大趋势(P0.05);全氮、全磷、全钾均呈减小趋势;红壤坡地水平阶整地种植油茶后,土壤理化性质有所改善,土壤含水量、田间持水量和土壤有机质含量均有不同程度的增加,而土壤容重和养分(N、P、K)含量有所降低,为满足生产需要,在油茶林抚育过程中,应注意合理施肥,尤其是磷肥的施用。(2)不同坡位间土壤理化性质表现出一定的规律性。土壤容重表现为上坡位中坡位下坡位;土壤含水量在上坡位最大,而田间持水量在下坡位最小;有机质含量、全钾均为上坡位中坡位下坡位,有机质含量在各坡位间差异显著,而全氮、全磷没有显著差异;(3)与1a油茶林地相比,15a林龄的油茶林地土壤理化性质空间差异趋于均匀化。研究结果旨在揭示水平阶整地种植人工油茶复合措施的水土保持效应,为南方红壤坡地水土流失综合治理及人工油茶林地可持续经营提供理论依据。

Effect of Horizontal Planting Camellia oleifera on Soil Physicochemical Properties in Red Soil Slope Land

In this study,we used soil physicochemical properties analysis were conducted in artificial Camellia oleifera forests with different ages (1 years and 15 years) in red soil hilly region of Yushan County,Jiangxi Province.Soil samples were collected in different slope positions (upper slope,middle slope,and lower slope) and different soil layers (0-10 and 10-20 cm).The results showed that:(1) With the increasing of the artificial Camellia oleifera forest age,there was a decrease in soil bulk density,and an increase trend in soil water content and field capacity;significant increases in soil pH value and organic matter content of middle and lower slope (P＜0.05) were observed,and the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium decreased;soil physicochemical properties improved after horizontal Planting Camellia oleifera in red soil slope land,and soil water content,field capacity and soil organic matter content increased in varying degrees,while soil bulk density and nutrient (N,P,K) content decreased,therefore reasonable fertilization,especially the application of P fertilizer,should be pay more attention to meet the need of the production during tending process of Camellia oleifera forest.(2) The soil physicochemical properties showed certain regularity in different slope positions.The soil bulk density of different slope positions followed the order of upper slope ＜ middle slope ＜ lower slope;and the water content of upper slope was the maximum,and the minimum field capacity was in lower slope;soil organic matter and total potassium both followed the order of upper slope ＜ middle slope ＜ lower slope,and there was significant difference in soil organic matter among different slope positions,while there was no significant spatial difference in total nitrogen and total phosphorus.(3) Compared with the 1 year Camellia oleifera forest,the spatial difference of soil physicochemical properties tended to be homogeneous in the 15 a stands.In order to reveal soil and water conservation effect of the combination measures of horizontal soil preparation and artificial Camellia oleifera,and to provided the theoretical basis for the comprehensive management of soil erosion and for the sustainable management of artificial tea tree land in the southern red soil slope.