不同恢复年限弃渣场入渗特征研究与评价

为分析弃渣场入渗性能及其植被恢复效应,采用野外双环入渗和主成分分析方法,分析和评价不同恢复年限弃渣场入渗特征。结果表明:(1)弃渣场恢复年限2个月(P1),2a(P2),4a(P3)和桑树林地(P4)的初始入渗率依次为11.32,9.34,15.84,19.38mm/min,稳定入渗率为4.64,3.62,6.71,7.81mm/min;桑树林地的稳定入渗率为3个弃渣场的1.68,2.16,1.16倍;(2)Kastiakov模型的拟合效果优于通用经验模型、Philip模型和Horton模型,其决定系数为0.905~0.956;(3)入渗特征值与土壤容重,20~5mm,5~2mm颗粒含量呈显著负相关(p0.05),与非毛管孔隙度、有机质含量和2~0.075 mm颗粒含量呈显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01)正相关;(4)主成分分析评价的土壤入渗能力排序依次为P4(2.398)P3(0.792)P1(-1.104)P2(-2.089);随着恢复年限的增加,弃渣场入渗性能得到较好的改善且接近桑树林地。

Research and Evaluation on Infiltration Characteristics of Dumps with Different Restoration Ages

In order to analyze the infiltration characteristics and the effects of vegetation restoration of dumps,infiltration characteristics of dumps with different restoration ages were studied and evaluated by using field double-ring infiltration and principal component analysis method.The results indicated that:(1) The initial infiltration rate of two-month (P1),two-years (P2),four-years (P3) dump and mulberry land (P4) was 11.32,9.34,15.84,and 19.38 mm/min,respectively;the stable infiltration rate was 4.64,3.62,6.71,and 7.81 mm/min,respectively.The stable infiltration rate of mulberry land was 1.68,2.16,and 1.16 times greater than that of the other three dumps,respectively.(2) The fitting effect of Kastiakov model was better than that of the common empirical infiltration model,the Philip model,and the Horton model,with the determination coefficient ranging from 0.905 to 0.956.(3) The eigenvalues of soil infiltration had significantly negative correlations with soil bulk density,and 20-5 mm and 5-2 mm gravel content,but showed significantly or very significantly positive correlations with non-capillary porosity,organic matter content,and 2-0.075 mm soil particle content.(4) Soil infiltration capacity was evaluated by principal component analysis,and was in the order of P4 (2.398) ＞ P3 (0.792) ＞ P1 (-1.104) ＞ P2 (-2.089).The infiltration capacity of dump was improved with the increasing restoration ages,and was close to that of the mulberry land.