灌水量对不同小麦品种籽粒品质、产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响

选用强筋小麦济麦20和中筋小麦泰山23两个品种，在大田条件下设置不灌水（0mm）、灌水180mm，240mm和300mm4个处理，研究了灌水量对籽粒品质和产量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明，灌水180mm和240mm的处理比不灌水和灌水300mm的处理提高了强筋小麦济麦20的籽粒谷蛋白含量、谷蛋白含量／醇溶蛋白含量比值（谷／醇比值）、谷蛋白大聚合体（GMP）含量和湿面筋含量，延长了面团稳定时间，改善了籽粒品质；中筋小麦泰山23的不灌水处理的籽粒蛋白质含量高于灌水180mm，240mm和300mm的处理，但是GMP含量、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间各处理间无显著差异。两品种的籽粒产量均以灌水240mm的处理最高，但泰山23灌水180mm的处理与灌水240mm的处理无显著差异。随灌水量增加，土壤中的硝态氮向深层土壤的淋溶增加。本试验条件下，综合考虑品质、产量和土壤中硝态氮的淋溶，济麦20和泰山23可供生产中参考的灌水量分别为180～240mm和180mm。

Effects of Irrigation Amount on Grain Quality, Yield and Soil NO3--N Content in Different Wheat Varieties

The effects of irrigation amount on grain quality,yield and soil NO-3-N content were studied with strong gluten wheat "Jimai 20" and middle gluten wheat "Taishan 23" by setting four irrigation amount treatments(with 0 mm,180 mm,240 mm,300 mm irrigation amount respectively) under field condition.The results showed that the value of grain glutenin content,ratio of glutenin content to gliadin content,glutenin macropoloymer(GMP) content,wet gluten content and dough stability time were higher under the irrigation treatments of 180 mm and 240mm than that under the irrigation treatments of 0mm and 300 mm for strong gluten wheat "Jimai 20".The value of grain protein content was higher under the irrigation treatment of 0 mm than that under the irrigation treatments of 180 mm,240 mm and 300 mm,while there was no significant difference in the GMP content, wet gluten content and dough stability time among all the irrigation treatments for middle gluten wheat "Taishan 23".The grain yield of the two cultivars were highest under the irrigation treatment of 240 mm,but there was no significant difference between the irrigation treatments of 180 mm and 240 mm for "Taishan 23".The soil NO-3-N content increased with the increase of irrigation amount in deeper layer soil.With grain quality,yield and soil NO-3-N content,the irrigation amount recommended under the condition of this experiment was 180~240 mm and 180 mm for "Jimai 20" and "Taishan 23" respectively.