近15年来洮儿河流域土地利用变化研究

流域土地利用/覆盖变化研究是当前全球变化研究的重要内容。通过对1986和2000年洮儿河流域两期Landsat-TM遥感影像资料的解译,在ArcGIS技术的支持下,采用土地利用转移矩阵、土地利用综合指数和重心模型等数学方法,探讨了洮儿河流域近15年来的土地利用变化过程。近15年来,流域内耕地面积明显增加,林地面积明显下降,草地面积略有上升,水域面积略有下降。流域上游林地减少主要转为草地,部分转为耕地,林地重心向流域东南方向漂移;流域中下游草地被大面积垦殖为耕地,并有部分转为林地。草地重心向流域上游西北方向漂移;耕地面积明显增加,重心也明显向流域中游漂移,并有部分耕地转为林地和草地。洮儿河流域土地利用程度逐渐增强,土地利用程度综合指数明显上升,流域开发有加强趋势。

Analysis of Land-Use Change in Taoerhe Catchment During Last 15 Years

Study of catchment LUCC is present focus of global change research. Based on the interpreted Landsat-TM image data and the support of ArcGIS software, this paper uses the conversion matrix of land-use types, synthetical land-use index and spatial centroid model to discuss the land-use change in Taoerhe catchment during the last 15 years. Results show farmland area increases and forest coverage decreases obviously. As the important hydrological and climatic adjustor in Taoerhe catchment, waters area also decreases a few. Forest coverage in the upper reaches decreases and most these disappeared forest land has been changed into grassland, and the spatial centroid of forest land moves southeastward of the Taoerhe catchment. Although most the disappeared forest land has been changed into the grassland, grassland area increases a little, because large area of grassland in the middle and lower reaches has been reclaimed into farmland, leading to northwestward moving of spatial centriods of grassland and farmland. The synthetical land-use index shows during the last 15 years land-use intensity in Taoerhe catchment also increases obviously. The overall trend of land-use change indicates a certain extent of degradation of eco-environment in Taoerhe catchment during the last 15 years.