基质级配方式对生态介质箱修复黑臭水体的效果比较

利用人工静态模拟试验,研究基质级配方式对自主设计的生态介质箱对黑臭水体的净化效果及其对水生植物的N、P积累能力和生长的影响。结果表明,随着处理时间的延长,各组对污染物的去除率逐渐升高,其中正级配组和反级配组对TP、TN和NH_4~+—N的去除效果均优于单一的植物组和基质组;正级配组对水体中TP的去除效果优于反级配组,其去除率达到66.9%,且正级配组中的植物对TP的积累量大于反级配组与植物组;而反级配组更有益于对TN和NH_4~+—N的去除,其去除率分别达到69.1%与87.4%,且反级配组中的植物对TN的积累量大于正级配组与植物组;生态介质箱中的植物因素对脱氮除磷的贡献率较低,N、P的去除主要通过非植物因素(基质和微生物);除空白组外,各组对COD_(Mn)的去除无显著差异,说明基质与植物对COD_(Mn)的直接去除作用不明显,更多地依靠于基质与植物载体上附着的微生物的作用;含有环境吸附材料基质的试验组(正级配组、反级配组和基质组)能使水体pH上升,可有效调节酸性水体;水生植物苦草(Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara)直接植入底泥(植物组)的方式更适于植物生长。因此,可通过替换级配方式来满足不同N、P污染程度水体的修复效果。

Effect Comparison of the Substrates Grading Methods on the Restoration of Black-Odorous Water Bodies by the Ecological Media Box

The effects of substrates size grading on the purification of black and odorous water by self-designed ecological media boxes and their effects on the accumulation and growth of N and P in aquatic plants were studied by artificial static simulation test. The results showed that with the prolongation of treatment time, the removal rate of each pollutant increased gradually. The removal effect of TP, TN and NH₄⁺-N in both progressively-graded groups, anti-graded group was better than that in single plant group and matrix group. The removal efficiency of TP in progressively-graded group was better than that in anti-gradation group, its removal rate reached 66.9%. The accumulation of TP in progressively-graded group was better than that in anti-gradation group and plant group. But the removal efficiency of TN and NH₄⁺-N in water in anti-graded group was better than those in progressively-graded group, the removal rates reached 69.1% and 87.4% respectively. The accumulation of TN in anti-gradation group was better than those in progressively-graded group and plant group. The plant factors in the ecological media boxes had a low contribution rate to nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The removal of N and P was mainly through non-plant factors (matrix, microbe). However, except for the blank group, there was no significant difference in the removal of COD_Mn between the groups, indicating that the direct removal of COD_Mn by substrates and plants is not obvious, and it depends more on the role of microorganisms attached to the substrate and plant carriers. The experimental group containing the mineral matrix (progressively-graded group, anti-gradation group, and matrix group) could raise the pH of water and effectively regulate the acidic water body. The way in which aquatic plants (Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara) were directly implanted into the sediment (plant group) is more suitable for plant growth. Therefore, the effect of repairing water bodies with different N, P pollution levels can be satisfied by replacing the substrates size gradations.