芜湖市区驾校微环境地表灰尘中汞的分布特征及影响因素

为了解驾校不同微环境地表灰尘中Hg的污染情况,使用测汞仪(Hydra II C)测定了芜湖市区26个驾校全粒径和细粒径灰尘样品中Hg的含量,并进行了统计分析。结果表明:芜湖市区驾校地表全粒径和细粒径灰尘中Hg的平均含量分别为49.36,59.97 ng/g,均低于芜湖市土壤背景值,且全粒径与细粒径灰尘中Hg含量存在极显著性差异(P0.01)。对于全粒径灰尘,驾校不同微环境地表灰尘Hg含量呈现出:倒车入库S弯侧方位停车直角转弯坡道定点,细粒径灰尘则表现出:倒车入库S弯侧方位停车坡道定点直角转弯,两者呈现出相似的规律,其中倒车入库、S弯和侧方位停车3个项目细粒径灰尘Hg含量显著高于直角转弯和坡道定点项目(P0.05),倒车入库项目全粒径灰尘Hg含量显著高于坡道定点项目(P0.05)。通过对驾校地表灰尘Hg的影响因素分析,室内驾校全粒径和细粒径灰尘中Hg的平均含量均高于室外驾校,燃气驾校不同微环境地表灰尘Hg的平均含量均高于燃油驾校,且燃油和燃气驾校全粒径地表灰尘Hg含量呈现显著性差异(P0.05);相关性分析发现,对于全粒径与细粒径灰尘,S弯、倒车入库和侧方位停车项目灰尘Hg含量均与教练车密度呈极显著相关,芜湖市区驾校地表灰尘Hg的含量受汽车尾气排放的影响。驾校汽车尾气排放及燃油泄露等导致的Hg污染不容小觑,且存在累积性,教练常年在驾校工作,其健康受到一定威胁,驾校Hg污染需加以重视。

Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Mercury in Surface Dust of Driving School Micro-environment in Wuhu City

In order to explore the pollution of Mercury (Hg) in surface dust of different micro-environment in driving schools in Wuhu City, the concentrations of Hg in 26 driving schools with full and fine particle sizes were measured by Hydra II C, and the statistical analysis was carried out. The results showed that the average concentrations of Hg in the full and fine particle sizes dust on the surface of driving school were 49.36 ng/g and 59.97 ng/g, respectively, which were lower than the background value of soil in Wuhu City, and there were statistically significant differences in Hg concentrations between the full particle size and the fine particle size. For the full particle size dust, the average concentrations of Hg in different training programs of driving school were in decreasing order of reverse stall parking > S bending > side parking > right angle turning > parking on ramps, and the fine particle size dust showed as follows:reverse stall parking > S bending > side parking > parking on ramps > right angle turning. Both of them showed a similar regularity. The Hg content of fine particle size dust in the three items of reverse stall parking, S bending and side parking were significantly higher than that in the right angle turning and the parking on ramps, the Hg content of full particle size dust in the reverse stall parking was significantly higher than that in the parking on ramps. Through the analysis of the factors affecting the dust Hg of driving school surface, it was found that the average concentration of Hg in indoor driving school was higher than that of outdoor driving school, the concentration of Hg in gas driving school was significantly higher than that in fuel driving school, and there were significant difference in Hg concentrations of surface dust between fuel and gas driving schools. It was found that the concentrations of Hg in S bending, reverse stall parking and side parking were significantly correlated with coach vehicle density, and the Hg concentration of surface dust in Wuhu driving school was affected by vehicle exhaust emissions. Hg pollution caused by vehicle exhaust emissions, fuel leakage and tire wear could not be underestimated, and there was an accumulation phenomenon. The coaches'' health was threatened, as they were working in driving school all the year round. The Hg pollution in driving school should be taken seriously.