不同种植年限大棚菜田土壤水溶性盐分的变化特征

采集新乡市不同种植年限大棚菜田、露天菜田及大田土壤共计160个样品,调查分析水溶性盐总量、各盐分离子的变化及土壤pH值。结果表明,大棚土壤在连续种植不同年限后,水溶性盐总量上升幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关(r=0.92**);K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO24-含量与种植年限呈正相关,而Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-含量变化与种植年限呈负相关;土壤pH值降低幅度与种植年限呈极显著相关;K+、Na+、Cl-、NO3-、SO42-的含量均与土壤水溶性盐总量呈极显著相关。新乡市大棚菜田土壤中Cl-、NO2-、NO3-含量与pH值变化存在极显著负相关;SO42-含量与pH值变化存在显著负相关;HCO3-与土壤pH值变化存在极显著正相关。新乡市大棚菜田阳离子以K+、Na+为主,阴离子主要以Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-为主;不同种植年限对大棚土壤盐渍化和酸化有极显著影响,K+、Na+、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-则是造成土壤盐渍化的重要原因,Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、SO42-是造成土壤酸化的重要原因。

Variation Characteristics of Soil Water-soluble Salts of Large Plastic House Vegetable Field for Different Cultivating Years

The 160 samples of soil were collected from large plastic house vegetable field for different cultivating years,open vegetable field and wheat field in Xinxiang,the variation of total amount water-soluble salt,the salt ion content and the soil pH value were analyzed,and the corresponding survey was made.Results showed that with cultivated years growing,the total content of water-soluble salt would increase,and the increasing range of the total soluble salts content was significantly correlated with cultivating years(r=0.92**).The contents of K+,Na+,Cl-,NO-2,NO-3 and SO2-4 were positively correlated with cultivating years respectively,and the contents of Ca2+,Mg2+,HCO-3 were negatively correlated with cultivating years respectively,pH value of the soil would decrease,and the decreasing range was significantly correlated with cultivating years.And the correlation between the contents of K+,Na+,Cl-,NO-3,SO2-4 and the total content of soil water-soluble salt reached the most significant level respectively.And the content of Cl-was the most relevant,and the content of K+ and NO-3 was more relevant.The correlations between the Cl-,NO-2 and NO-3 content of large plastic house vegetable soil and pH value were negatively correlated.The correlations between the SO2-4 content and pH value was negatively correlated and the opposite was true of the relation between HCO-3 content and pH values.The cation of vegetables soil was dominated by K+,Na+ and the anion of vegetables soil was dominated by Cl-,NO-2,NO-3 and SO2-4 in the large plastic house vegetable field.Different cultivating years of large plastic house had the most significant effects on the soil salinization and acidification.The K+,Na+,Cl-,NO-2,NO-3 and SO2-4 were the important cause of soil salinization,and the NO-2,NO-3 and SO2-4 were the important cause of soil acidification.