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环境功能材料对半干旱地区土壤水肥利用效率的协同效应
引用本文:李嘉竹,黄占斌,陈威,王晓茜,黄震,李汉杰.环境功能材料对半干旱地区土壤水肥利用效率的协同效应[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):232-236.
作者姓名:李嘉竹  黄占斌  陈威  王晓茜  黄震  李汉杰
作者单位:1. 中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京100083/中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100
2. 中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院,北京,100083
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(40971164);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金(10501-258);国家“十二五”“863”计划课题(2011AA100503);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(研究生科研专项)(2010YH04)
摘    要:针对我国半干旱地区水资源紧缺,土壤氮肥用量大、利用效率低及面源污染严重等问题,选取位于半干旱地区的神木试验站,采用田间试验方法,以玉米为试验作物,进行不同环境功能材料复合与氮肥混合应用的研究,探讨功能材料对土壤水分和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,与当地常规氮肥施用量相比,减施氮肥30%后,土壤水肥利用效率及作物产量均显著增加。其中,未添加功能材料的对照小区土壤水分利用效率和氮肥利用效率分别提高56.1%和27.8%,籽粒产量增加35.5%,实现增收9 220元/hm2,表明氮肥施用应控制在合理范围,合理减施氮肥能在减少水肥流失的同时,提高产量和收益;环境功能材料高分子材料、吸附性材料及有机营养材料的混施,能很好地发挥各种功能材料的协同作用,实现土壤水分和肥料的最佳耦合,与常规耕作方式相比,可有效提高水肥利用效率110%和39%以上,增产47.4%,增收9 826元/hm2;而单施高分子材料的处理和高分子材料与吸附性材料的组合处理,可能由于受到铵态氮肥影响和材料间的相互抑制作用,效果次于3种材料混施和同等氮肥条件下空白对照处理。表明寻求功能材料的优化组合并合理配施,有助于提高水肥利用效率,降低农业面源污染,为多功能复合型材料的研制提供实践基础。

关 键 词:环境功能材料  水分利用效率  氮肥利用效率  半干旱地区  玉米

Synergistic Effects of Environment Functional Materials to Water & Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Semi-arid Region
LI Jia-zhu,HUANG Zhan-bin,CHEN Wei,WANG Xiao-qian,HUANG Zhen,LI Han-jie.Synergistic Effects of Environment Functional Materials to Water & Fertilizer Use Efficiency in Semi-arid Region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):232-236.
Authors:LI Jia-zhu  HUANG Zhan-bin  CHEN Wei  WANG Xiao-qian  HUANG Zhen  LI Han-jie
Institution:1(1.School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing),Beijing 100083;2.The State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dry-land Farming on Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS and MWR,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100)
Abstract:With the background of shortage of water,large amount of nitrogen applied,low water & fertilizer use efficiency and serious non-point pollution in the semi-arid region of China,field experiment was done with the treatments of different nitrogen fertilizer applying level and various mixtures of three kinds of environment functional material.The aim is to determine the synergistic effects of different materials to water and fertilizer use efficiency.It is showed that:Compared to the experiment plot with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer that applied usually in local region,after 30% of the nitrogen fertilizer reducing,the water and fertilizer use efficiency and the grain yield all increased.In the blank control plot without functional materials applied,water and fertilizer use efficiency increased 56.1% and 27.8%,respectively,and the grain yield and input increase 35.5% and 9 220 Yuan/hm2 showing that the nitrogen fertilizer should be applied with a proper amount to reduce the loss of water and fertilizer and increase yield.Among the treatment plots of various environment functional materials,the mixture of polymer material,adsorptive material,and organic nutritive material played the best effects to water & fertilizer use efficiency,which increased the water & fertilizer use efficiency 110% and 39%,respectively,and increased the yield and input 47.4% and 9 826 Yuan/hm2,respectively.On the other hand,the effects of the treatments that applied polymer material separately and applied polymer material and adsorptive material simultaneously were not as good as those of the three materials mixed plot and the CK.It indicates that finding optimize of material combination and applying rationally helps to increase water and fertilizer use efficiency,to decrease the agriculture non-plot pollution,and to supply practical basis to the development of multi-functional material.
Keywords:environment functional material  water use efficiency  nitrogen use efficiency  semi-arid region  maize
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