阿什河上游小流域主要林分类型土壤水文功能研究

通过对阿什河上游小流域6种具有代表性的林分类型土壤特性及水源涵养功能的研究,结果表明:枯落物层厚度为2.8～5.5cm;总蓄积量为9.27～39.81t/hm2;最大持水量为25.65～136.83t/hm2;有效拦蓄量为17.17～67.00t/hm2。6种林分的枯落物层的水文功能排序为兴安落叶松林>针阔混交林>红松林>蒙古栎林>樟子松林>水曲柳林。土壤层容重均值的变化范围为0.97～1.26g/cm3;总孔隙度变动范围为50.16%～60.19%;土壤最大持水量为1 949.51～2 293.74t/hm2;有效持水量为234.66～438.56t/hm2;6种林分土壤层的水文功能排序为蒙古栎林>水曲柳林>兴安落叶松林>针阔混交林>樟子松林>红松林。地表层(包括枯落物层与土壤层)最大持水量变化范围在1 991.89～2 357.31t/hm2之间,排序为兴安落叶松林>蒙古栎林>水曲柳林>针阔混交林>樟子松林>红松林;有效持水量变化范围是264.80～455.73t/hm2,排序为水曲柳林>针阔混交林>兴安落叶松林>蒙古栎林>樟子松林>红松林。

Soil Hydrologic Functions of Main Forest Types in Ashi River’s Upstream Watershed

A study was conducted to determine the soil characteristics and water conservation functions of six representative forest types in small river basin of Ashi River,s upstream.The results show that the thickness of litter layer was in range of 2.8~5.5 cm,total forest stock volume was in 9.27~39.81 t/hm2,maximum water holding capacity ranged from 25.65 t/hm2 to 136.83 t/hm2,and the modified interception amount was 17.17~67.00 t/hm2.The hydrological function of litter layers for six forest types was in order of Larix gmelini forest >conifer-broadleave forest >Pinus koraiensis forest >Quercus mongolica forest >Pinus sylvestris forest >Fraxinus mandshurica forest.The average of soil bulk density ranged from 0.97 g/cm3 to 1.26 g/cm3,total porosity was about 50.16%~60.19%,soil water-holding capacity was 1 949.51~2 293.74 t/hm2,and effective water-holding capacity was 234.66~438.56 t/hm2.The hydrological function of soil layer for six forest types was in order of Q.mongolica forest >F.mandshurica forest >L.gmelini forest >conifer-broadleave forest >P.sylvestris forest >P.koraiensis forest.The maximum water holding capacity of land surface(including litter layer and soil layer) varied from 1 991.89 t/hm2 to 2 357.31 t/hm2,sequencing as L.gmelini forest >Q.mongolica forest >F.mandshurica forest >conifer-broadleave forest >P.sylvestris forest >P.koraiensis forest.Effective water-holding capacity of land surface varied from 264.80 t/hm2 to 455.73 t/hm2,sequencing as F.mandshurica forest >conifer-broadleave forest >L.gmelini forest >Q.mongolica forest >P.sylvestris forest >P.koraiensis forest.