大面积桉树引种区土壤水分及水源涵养性能研究

为揭示亚热带山地大面积引种尾叶桉类林对土壤水分及水源涵养性能的影响,对研究区尾叶桉类林、次生常绿阔叶林、思茅松林3种林地类型的土壤贮水能力与水源涵养功能进行分析。结果表明,(1)桉树林取代次生常绿阔叶林和思茅松林后,土壤含水量分别下降了10.98%和9.55%,对土壤水分的消耗增加;(2)土壤毛管持水量表现为次生常绿阔叶林(A2)>以次生常绿阔叶林为背景的桉树林(A1)>思茅松林(B2)>以思茅松林为背景的桉树林(B1),桉树林取代次生常绿阔叶林和思茅松林后,土壤毛管持水量分别下降了20.62%和5.33%,土壤保水持水能力下降,但桉树林与思茅松林的土壤持水能力差异不大;(3)土壤毛管蓄水量和非毛管蓄水量分别表现为:A2>B2>B1>A1和A1>A2>B1>B2,桉树林取代次生常绿阔叶林和思茅松林后,土壤平均毛管蓄水量分别下降了11.96%和4.09%,平均非毛管蓄水量却分别增加了7.07%和2.66%,土壤保持水土的能力变差,但调蓄能力增强;(4)土壤有效涵蓄量表现为:A2>A1>B1>B2,桉树林取代次生常绿阔叶林后,土壤有效涵蓄量下降了25.05%,蓄水性能降低。桉树林取代思茅松林后,土壤有效涵蓄量上升了1.74%,蓄水性能有所提高。

Soil Moisture and Water Conservation in Eucalyptus uraphylla spp. Introduction Mountain Area

In order to reveal the effects of Eucalyptus uraphylla spp.that introduced on a large scale to soil moisture and water conservation capacity in subtropical mountainous region,taking nature secondary broad leaved forest,Eucalyptus uraphylla spp.and Pinus kesiya to analyze soil water storage capacity and water conservation function,separately.The results showed:(1)After Eucalyptus uraphylla replaced secondary broad leaved forest and Pinus kesiya,soil water content decreased by 10.98% and 9.55% separately,which suggested soil water consumption increased.(2)Soil capillary water capacity was orderly: Secondary broad leaved forest(A2) >Eucalyptus uraphylla which was at the background of secondary broad leaved forest(A1) >Pinus kesiya(B2) >Eucalyptus uraphylla which was at the background of Pinus kesiya(B1),and soil capillary water capacity decreased by 20.62% and 5.33% separately after Eucalyptus uraphylla replaced secondary broad leaved forest and Pinus kesiya,which indicated the soil conserving and holding water capacity became worse,while it was no significant difference between Eucalyptus uraphylla and Pinus kesiya.(3)Soil capillary water storage and non-capillary water storage were orderly: A2 >B2 >B1 >A1 and A1 >A2 >B1 >B2,the average of soil capillary water storage dropped by 11.96% and 4.09%,but the average level of soil non-capillary water storage increased by 7.07% and 2.66% after Eucalyptus uraphylla replaced secondary broad leaved forest and Pinus kesiya,which manifested the soil preserve and holding water capacity became worse,while water-retaining and regulating capability became better.(4)Soil effective implication content was orderly: A2 >A1 >B1 >B2,soil effective implication content decreased by 25.05% after Eucalyptus uraphylla replaced secondary broad leaved forest,suggesting soil storage water capacity reduced,meanwhile,soil effective implication content increased by 1.74% after Eucalyptus uraphylla replaced Pinus kesiya that means soil storage water capacity improved.