玉米不同间作方式对坡耕地水土流失的影响

针对云南山地种植措施不合理、水土资源流失严重的现状，进行了玉米间作蔬菜和草带等不同种植方式对坡耕地水土流失影响的研究。结果表明：8月份玉米间作马铃薯的径流量比玉米裸地单作减少37．4％；7月、8月份玉米间作白菜的土壤侵蚀量比玉米裸地单作分别减少46．7％和58．2％；7，8，9，10月份玉米间作混播草带（处理G）侵蚀量分别比玉米裸地单作显著减少68．9％，74．6％，84．5％和82．1％（P〈0．01）；玉米间作白菜、间作马铃薯、间作辣椒总侵蚀量分别比玉米裸地单作显著减少47．O％，43．8％和10．2％（P〈O．01）；玉米间作草带（处理D，G）总侵蚀量分别比玉米裸地单作显著减少60．8％和70．0％（P〈0．01），玉米间作马铃薯的总径流量比玉米盖膜单作减少21．0％；在低雨强、中雨强和高雨强下，玉米间作处理的平均侵蚀量分别比玉米裸地单作减少35．7％，61．4％和70．2％。说明玉米间作蔬菜和牧草能有效减轻坡耕地水土流失，在高强度降雨中，其水土保持效果更明显。

Effect of Different Intercropping Measures about Soil and Water Loss on Sloping Land

According to unreasonable tillage measures and serious soil erosion on sloping land in Yunnan province,a trial of maize intercropping vegetable and grass strip was carried out to reduce the soil and water losses.The result shows: The runoff of maize intercropping potato in August is 37.4% less than maize sole and bare cropping.The sediment of intercropping cabbage in July and August is 46.7% and 58.2% less than maize sole and bare planting.The sediment of intercropping mixed grass strip in July,August,September and October is 68.9%,74.6%,84.5% and 82.1% less than maize bare planting significant(P <0.01).The total sediment of maize intercropping cabbage,potato and green pepper are 47.0%,43.8% and 10.2% less than maize bare planting significant(P <0.01).The total sediment of maize intercropping grass strip are 60.8% and 70.0% less than maize bare planting significant(P <0.01).The total runoff of maize intercropping potato is 21.0% less than maize sole and polythene mulch planting.The average sediment of intercropping is 35.7% less than maize bare planting in low rain rate,61.4% in medium rain rate and 70.0% in high rain rate.So maize intercropping vegetable and grass strip are some good kinds of water and soil conservation tillage measures,especially during high rain rate rainfall.