太行山典型区域不同林分类型枯落物水文效应

采用样地调查和室内浸泡法,对河北易县洪崖山自然保护区葫芦峪林场6种不同林分类型枯落物的水文效应进行研究。结果表明:6种林分类型枯落物的蓄积量范围为5.25～15.70 t/hm~2,蓄积量总体为阔叶林刺槐最大,针阔混交林次之,针叶林最小,各林分半分解层蓄积量总体大于未分解层(油松纯林、黑枣和油松混交林未分解层大于半分解层);最大持水量范围为10.55～25.04 t/hm~2,阔叶林栓皮栎(25.04 t/hm~2)最大,刺槐纯林(23.66 t/hm~2)次之,针叶林油松(10.55 t/hm~2)最小;最大持水率范围是171.19%～260.20%,针叶林油松最大,侧柏最小;有效拦蓄量范围为6.25～17.60 t/hm~2,阔叶林栓皮栎(17.60 t/hm~2)最大,刺槐纯林次之(17.30 t/hm~2),针叶林侧柏(6.25 t/hm~2)最小;有效拦蓄率略有不同,针叶林油松最大,其值为180.29%,阔叶林栓皮栎(162.98%)次之,针阔混交林黑枣和油松最小,其值为77.22%。综合研究分析表明,栓皮栎和刺槐的枯落物层持水能力较佳,该地区栓皮栎林和刺槐林枯落物层水源涵养能力优于其他4种林分类型的枯落物。

Hydrological Effects of Litter in Different Forest Types in the Typical Areas of Taihang Mountains

The soil sample survey and indoor soaking method were used to study the hydrological effects of six different stand types in Huluyu Forest Farm, Hongya mountain nature reserve, Yixian County, Hebei Province. The results showed that the accumulations of litter in 6 stand types ranged from 5.25 to 15.70 t/hm², and the accumulations were the largest in broad-leaved robinia pseudoacacia, followed by mixed needle-width forest, and the smallest in coniferous forest. The total volume of semi-decomposed layer of each forest was larger than that of non-decomposed layer (the non-decomposed layer of pure Pinus tabulaeformis, Diospyros Iotus and Pinus tabulaeformis mixed forest was larger than that of semi-decomposed layer). The maximum water capacity range was 10.55~25.04 t/hm², among which Quercus variabilis (25.04 t/hm²) was the largest, Robinia pseudoacacia (23.66 t/hm²) was the second largest, and Pinus tabuliformis (10.55 t/hm²) was the smallest. The range of maximum water holding rate was 171.19%~260.20%, among which Pinus tabulaeformis of coniferous forest was the largest and Platycladus orientalis was the smallest. The range of effective storage was 6.25~17.60 t/hm², among which Quercus variabilis (17.60 t/hm²) was the largest in broad-leaved forest, Robinia pseudoacacia (17.30 t/hm²) was the second largest, Platycladus orientalis (6.25 t/hm²) was the smallest. The effective retention rates were slightly different. The coniferous Pinus tabuliformis forest was the largest with the value of 180.29%, followed by the broad-leaved Quercus variabilis forest (162.98%), the needle and broad mixed forest Diospyros Iotus and Pinus tabulaeformis was the smallest with the value of 77.22%.The comprehensive analysis showed that the water holding capacity of the litter layer of Quercus variabilis and robinia pseudoacacia was better than those of the litter layer of other four stand types.