赣南地区稀土矿采矿迹地枯落物层和土壤层贮水功能研究

为探究赣南废弃稀土矿区土壤水源涵养功能,对其采矿迹地枯落物层和土壤层贮水功能采用环刀法进行研究。结果表明,不同采矿迹地0—30cm土层土壤含水量平均值表现为天然林地(180.37g/kg)>堆积地(170.67g/kg)>挖矿地(86.36g/kg);土壤容重平均值表现为堆积地(1.54g/cm^3)>挖矿地(1.31g/cm^3)>天然林地(1.20g/cm^3);土壤毛管孔隙度平均值表现为天然林地(44.08%)>堆积地(37.89%)>挖矿地(35.82%);土壤毛管蓄水量平均值表现为天然林地(440.77t/hm^2)>堆积地(378.94t/hm^2)>挖矿地(358.20t/hm^2)。土壤最大蓄水量的表现与土壤毛管蓄水量相似。不同采矿迹地涵养水源能力天然林地最强,其单位面积蓄水量为(561.34±44.32)t/hm^2,挖矿地最差,其值为(431.65±53.66)t/hm^2。由此可见,天然林地土壤水源涵养功能强于各采矿迹地,稀土矿区采矿作业对枯落物层和土壤层贮水功能影响较大。

Research on Water Storage of Litter and Soil Layer in the Rare Earth Ore Mining Site in Southern Jiangxi

In order to explore the soil water conservation function of abandoned rare earth mining area in southern Jiangxi, the water storage function of litter and soil layer of the mining site were studied through the ring knife method. The results showed that the average soil water content of 0-30 cm soil layer in different mining sites followed the order of natural forest land (180.37 g/kg) > stacked ground (170.67 g/kg) > mining land (86.36 g/kg). The average value of soil bulk density followed the order of stacked ground (1.54 g/cm³) > mining land (1.31 g/cm³) > natural forest land (1.20 g/cm³). The average value of soil capillary porosity followed the order of natural forest land (44.08%) > stacked ground (37.89%) > mining land (35.82%). The average value of soil capillary storage followed the order of natural forest land (440.77 t/hm²) > stacked ground (378.94 t/hm²) > mining land (358.20 t/hm²). The trend of soil maximum water storage was similar to that of soil capillary storage. The natural forest land had the strongest water conservation capacity among the different mining sites, and the water storage capacity per unit area was (561.34±44.32) t/hm², and that in the mining area was the worst with the value of (431.65±53.66) t/hm². The water conservation of natural forest land was stronger than that of other mining sites, and the mining operations in the rare earth mining area had a great influence on the water storage of litter and soil layer.