沟垄覆膜不同沟垄比对枸杞产量和水分利用效率的影响

以青海省德令哈枸杞产区不同沟垄措施下的枸杞地为研究对象,以无覆盖平作枸杞地为对照(CK),在分析该地区降雨特征的基础上,研究了沟垄覆膜措施下不同沟垄比(30∶32cm,24∶32cm,18∶32cm,12∶32cm)对枸杞土壤含水率、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)在年降水量不足300mm的试验区,沟垄覆膜不同沟垄比种植相比于无覆盖平作种植土壤含水率、产量及水分利用效率显著升高,增产节水效果最优的GLBc(沟垄比18∶32cm)处理相比CK产量提高60.14%,耗水量降低7.47%,水分利用效率提高72.46%。(2)沟垄覆膜不同沟垄比条件下,随着沟宽的不断减小,土壤含水率、产量及水分利用效率均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在沟垄比18∶32cm时达到最大。沟宽18cm时枸杞的水分利用效率相比30,24,12cm的水分利用效率分别提高40.0%,8.5%,9.2%。(3)对沟宽和枸杞产量的回归分析表明,当沟垄比为17∶32cm时,枸杞的产量达到最大值1503kg/hm^2。因此,在青海主要枸杞产区,沟垄覆膜种植相比传统种植能显著提高枸杞的产量和水分利用效率,同时结合当地沟垄比现状,将沟宽减小为17 cm,即沟垄比为17∶32cm时枸杞产量最高,蒸散量最小,水分利用效率最高。该研究结果对提高枸杞水分利用效率和产量具有指导意义,为旱区农业水资源高效利用提供科学参考。

Effects of Furrow-ridge Mulching with Different Furrow-ridge Ratios on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wolfberry

In this experiment, the wolfberry field under different ditch and ridge measures in Delingha wolfberry production area of Qinghai Province was used as the research object, and the uncovered flat wolfberry field was used as a control (CK). Based on the analysis of rainfall characteristics in the area, the effect of furrow-ridge mulching with different furrow-ridge ratios (30:32 cm, 24:32 cm, 18:32 cm, 12:32 cm) on soil moisture content, yield, and water use efficiency of Chinese wolfberry was studied. The results showed that:(1) In the test area with annual rainfall less than 300 mm, the soil moisture content, yield, and water use efficiency of the plantations with different furrow-ridge ratios were significantly higher than those of the uncovered flat planting. Compared with CK, the best treatment GLBc (furrow-ridge ratio 18:32 cm) in improving yield and saving water increased yield by 60.14%, reduced water consumption by 7.47%, and increased water use efficiency by 72.46%. (2) As the decrease of furrow width, the soil moisture content, yield, and water use efficiency all firstly increased and then decreased, and maximized when the furrow-ridge ratio was 18:32 cm. When the furrow width was 18 cm, the water use efficiency of Chinese wolfberry was 40.0%, 8.5%, and 9.2% higher than those when furrow width was 30, 24, and 12 cm, respectively. (3) Regression analysis of furrow width and wolfberry yield showed that when the furrow-ridge ratio was 17:32 cm, the yield of wolfberry reached a maximum of 1 503 kg/hm². Therefore, in the main wolfberry production areas of Qinghai, furrow-ridge mulching could significantly increase the yield and water use efficiency of wolfberry compared with traditional planting. At the same time, in combination with the current status of the local furrow-ridge ratio, reduce the furrow width to 17 cm which is the furrow-ridge ratio of 17:32 cm, would achieve the highest output, the smallest evapotranspiration, and the highest water use efficiency. The results of this study have guiding significance for improving the water use efficiency and yield of Chinese wolfberry, and provide scientific reference for the efficient utilization of agricultural water resources in arid areas.