缓控释掺混尿素对章丘大葱—小麦产量、效益及土壤氮素的影响

为了筛选出适合章丘大葱—小麦的缓控释尿素(CRU)与普通尿素(U)掺混比例,实现缓控释肥的一次性施用增产增效。采用田间定位试验方法,探讨CRU与U不同掺混比例对章丘大葱—小麦产量、氮肥表观利用率、经济效益和土壤氮素等指标的影响。结果表明,与习惯施肥相比,50%CRU+50%U、70%CRU+30%U处理两季大葱总产量提高2.2%~6.0%,两季小麦总产量提高4.3%~5.2%;大葱季50%CRU+50%U、70%CRU+30%U氮肥表观利用率分别提高3.44~8.48,2.74~3.77个百分点,小麦季50%CRU+50%U、100%CRU氮肥表观利用率分别提高6.41~6.96,3.00~6.98个百分点;大葱季50%CRU+50%U、70%CRU+30%U效益分别增加10783.93,5823.04元/hm^2;小麦季50%CRU+50%U、70%CRU+30%U效益分别增加2035.33,1448.24元/hm^2;0—20cm100%CRU、70%CRU+30%U土壤硝态氮含量高于习惯施肥,20—100cm土层含有缓控释肥处理的土壤硝态氮的累积高于习惯施肥,而且呈现缓控释肥掺混比例越高,保留的养分量越高。综合各项指标,50%CRU+50%U是应用在章丘大葱—小麦上的最佳配比,其次为70%CRU+30%U,这2个配比能够实现缓控释肥一次性施用,同时提高氮肥表观利用率,增加经济效益,延长土壤供氮能力。

Effects of Mixed Application of Slow- and Controlled-Release Urea on Yield, Benefit and Soil Nitrogen of Zhangqiu Onion-Wheat

The purpose of this study was to screen out the appropriate mixing ratio of slow-controlled-release urea (CRU) and common urea (U) suitable for Zhangqiu onion-wheat, and to realize the high efficiency of one-time application of slow-controlled-release fertilizer. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different mixing ratios of CRU and U on yield, apparent utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, economic benefits and soil nitrogen of Zhangqiu onion-wheat. The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization, the total yields of onion and wheat in two seasons increased by 2.2%~6.0% and 4.3%~5.2% respectively in 50% CRU+50% U and 70% CRU+30% U treatments, and the nitrogen apparent efficency of 50% CRU+50% U and 70% CRU+30% U in spring onion season increased by 3.44~8.48, 2.74~3.77 pecentage point respectively, 50% CRU+50% U and 100% CRU in wheat season increased by 6.41~6.96, 3.00~6.98 pecentage point respectively. In spring onion season, 50% CRU+50% U and 70% CRU+30% U increased 10 783.93 and 5 823.04 yuan/hm² respectively; in wheat season, 50% CRU+50% U and 70% CRU+30% U increased 2 035.33 and 1 448.24 yuan/hm² respectively. The nitrate nitrogen content in 0-20 cm soil under 100% CRU and 70% CRU+30% U was higher than that in conventional application. The accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in 20-100 cm soil layer with slow-contrdled slow-release fertilizer was higher than that of conventional fertilization, and the higher the mixing ratio of slow-controlled-release fertilizer, the higher the retained nutrient content. Considering all the factors comprehensively, 50% CRU+50% U was the best ratio applied in Zhangqiu onion-wheat, followed by 70% CRU+30% U. These two ratios could achieve one-time application of slow-controlled release fertilizer, at the same time, improve the apparent efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer, increase economic benefits, and prolong the ability of soil to provide nitrogen.