不同种类有机肥施用对黑土团聚体有机碳及腐殖质组成的影响

以吉林省农业科学院黑土有机培肥定位试验基地为平台,研究了不同种类有机肥(堆腐肥、鸡粪、牛粪和猪粪)施用对土壤及不同粒级团聚体中有机碳和腐殖质组成的影响。结果表明:与不施肥(CK)和单施化肥(NPK)相比,有机肥配施化肥显著(P0.05)增加了土壤有机碳、胡敏酸碳(HAC)和胡敏素碳(HUC)含量;同时,有机肥配施化肥也增加了不同粒级团聚体中有机碳和腐殖质碳含量,其中施用堆腐肥显著增加了各粒级团聚体中有机碳、HAC和HUC含量。不同种类有机肥相比,施用堆腐肥处理的土壤有机碳、HAC和HUC含量均高于其他有机肥处理,并与牛粪处理之间差异显著;施用堆腐肥和牛粪后,0.25mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量高于其他有机肥处理,且2~0.25mm粒级团聚体有机碳含量显著高于鸡粪处理;从不同粒级团聚体中腐殖质组分的分布来看,施用堆腐肥后,2~0.25mm粒级团聚体中HAC和HUC含量显著高于猪粪处理,而0.25~0.053,0.053mm粒级团聚体中HAC含量显著低于鸡粪处理。上述结果说明,有机肥配施化肥提高了土壤团聚体中有机碳和腐殖质碳含量,但不同有机肥的效应不同。

Effects of Different Organic Manures Application on Organic Carbon and Humus Composition of Aggregate Fractions in a Black Soil

The effects of different kinds of organic manures (compost manure, chicken manure, cow manure, and pig manure) application on organic carbon (C) concentrations and humus composition in bulk soil and its different size aggregate fractions were studied based on field location experiment in a black soil with organic fertilization at the Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that, compared with no fertilizer (CK) and single application of chemical fertilizers (NPK), the application of organic manures in combination with chemical fertilizers increased significantly (P < 0.05) the concentrations of organic C, humic acid C (HAC) and humin C (HUC) in bulk soil. Meanwhile, the concentrations of organic and humic C within different size aggregate fractions also increased after the combined application of organic manures with chemical fertilizers compared to CK and NPK treatments, with significant increase for organic C, HAC and HUC within different size aggregate fractions following compost manure application. Among the experimental organic manures, the concentrations of organic C, HAC and HUC were higher for compost manure than for other organic manures treatments, with significant difference between compost manure and cow manure treatments. With respect to other organic manures treatments, > 0.25 mm aggregate-associated organic C concentration was higher after the application of compost manure and cow manure, with significant difference between compost manure and cow manure with chicken manure treatment for 2~0.25 mm aggregate fraction. Moreover, the concentrations of HAC and HUC in 2~0.25 mm aggregate fraction were significantly higher for compost manure than for pig manure treatment, whereas the concentrations of HAC 0.25~0.053, <0.053 mm aggregate fraction were significantly lower for compost manure than for chicken manure treatment. The above results indicated that the combined application of organic manure with chemical fertilizers increased the concentrations of organic and humus C within soil aggregates, but the effects of different organic manures were distinct.