淮南市石楠叶片重金属分布特征、来源及对大气污染的指示作用

以典型绿化树种石楠叶片为研究对象,采集了淮南市区6个不同功能区种植的石楠叶片,分析石楠叶片中Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn的分布特征、来源及对大气污染的指示作用。结果表明:淮南市商业交通区叶片中Pb、Zn平均浓度显著大于公园绿地(P0.05),分别是公园绿地的2.95,1.78倍;煤炭运输区叶片中Cu平均浓度显著大于居住区(P0.05)和公园绿地(P0.05),其分别是居住区和公园绿地的2.30,2.81倍,而叶片中Ni和Cr在各功能区的差异无统计学意义。石楠叶片中Pb、Zn主要来自交通排放,Cu主要来自于煤炭开采、燃煤发电以及交通运输,Ni和Cr主要来自自然源。叶片中Cu、Pb、Zn浓度与叶面尘中Cu、Pb、Zn总量呈显著正相关,说明石楠叶片中Cu、Pb、Zn浓度受到叶面尘中Cu、Pb、Zn总量的显著影响。石楠叶片中Cu、Pb、Zn主要是从大气中吸收,而Ni和Cr主要是从土壤中吸收,利用石楠叶片对大气中Cu、Pb、Zn的监测可以取得良好的效果。

Distribution Characteristics and Sources of Heavy Metals in Photinia Leaves and Their Directive Role in Air Pollution in Huainan

The study object was the typical tree species of photinia leaves in Huainan, samples were collected from six different functional areas to analyze the distribution characteristics and sources of Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb and Zn in photinia leaves and their directive role in air pollution. The results showed that the average concentrations of Pb and Zn in leaves of commercial traffic area were significantly higher than those of park green land (P < 0.05), and even were 2.95 and 1.78 times of the park green space, respectively. The average concentration of Cu in leaves of coal transportation area was significantly higher than that of the residential area (P < 0.05) and park green (P < 0.05), and was 2.30 and 2.81 times of the residential and park areas, respectively. However, the differences of Ni and Cr in the different functional areas were not statistically significant. The Pb and Zn in photinia leaves mainly came from traffic emissions, Cu mainly came from coal mining, coal-fired power generation and transportation, Ni and Cr primarily from natural sources. There were significant correlations between the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in leaves and the total contents of Cu, Pb and Zn in leaf dust, indicating that the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn in photinia leaves were significantly affected by their contents in leaf dust. The Cu, Pb and Zn in the photinia leaves were mainly absorbed from the atmosphere, while Ni and Cr from the soil. Thus, the monitoring of Cu, Pb and Zn in the atmosphere by photinia leaves could achieve good results for air pollution.