毛乌素沙漠萨拉乌苏组地下水特征与植被分布关系

利用钻探和抽水试验资料,结合遥感资料和植被实地样方调查资料,分析了该区地下水富集特征和开发利用对生态环境的影响。结果表明:含水层的厚度是地下水富集的主控因素,二者呈正相关关系;基底古凹陷分布区含水层厚度较大,是地下水的富集区;埋深3m是滩地地下水开采的约束水位,过量的开采可能造成湖盆滩地植被向沙地植被的演替或退化,甚至消亡,加快沙漠化进程;地下水开采对沙地、沙丘生长的耐干旱植被物种的影响较小。研究结果可为该区内水源地选址、地下水合理开发利用、水土保持和生态环境保护提供基础理论和数据。

Characteristics of Groundwater and Its Relation with Vegetation Distribution in Sara Wusu Formation of Mu Us Desert

The characteristics of groundwater in Sara Wusu Formation and its effects on the eco-environment were studied by using the data of drilling and pumping test, and remote sensing data and vegetation survey. The results showed that the aquifer thickness was the main controlling factor of the groundwater accumulation, and there was a positive correlation between the two above; in the distribution area of the basement depression, aquifer thickness was greater, which was the enrichment area of the groundwater; the buried depth of 3 m was the constrained water level for groundwater exploitation in the beach area. Excessive exploitation of groundwater might cause the succession or degradation of the vegetation on the beach to the sandy land, or even disappear, and speeding up the desertification process. Groundwater mining had no significant effect on the growth of drought-tolerant vegetation species on sandy and dune lands. These research results provided the basic theory and data for the site selection, rational exploitation and utilization of the groundwater, water and soil conservation and ecological environment protection and in the desert.