基于RS和GIS的黄河三角洲土地利用变化及生态安全研究——以东营市为例

基于RS和G IS技术,以东营市为例,研究黄河三角洲的土地利用变化及其结构特征,确定综合土地生态风险指数,然后通过系统采样、变异函数分析及空间插值对土地生态风险指数进行变量空间化,生成1996和2005年土地生态风险演变规律分布图。研究结果表明:近10年来东营市土地利用变化剧烈,居民工矿用地大幅增加,次生盐碱地所占比重较大,油田生产建设和生态环境保护矛盾比较突出;近10年来,生态风险重心已经由南部的广饶地区转移到中部的东营地区,生态风险有进一步恶化的趋势,区域内土地生态风险分布极其不平衡,具有明显的区域性特征。高风险区域为居民及工矿用地密集区,主要分布在中部的东营区;中风险区域主要分布在南部的广饶地区和土地盐碱化严重地区;低风险区主要分布在北部的河口区和垦利县的东部。最后针对土地生态风险分布格局,提出了生态环境安全的政策建议及改造措施。

Land Use Change and Ecological Security in Yellow River Delta Based on RS and GIS Technology——A case study of Dongying city

Based on RS and GIS,the land use change and structural character were studied,and a land ecological risk index was constructed based on the land-use structure.In order to generate the map of land ecological risk evolvement rules in 1996 and 2005,the system sampling method,semi-varogram analysis and block Kriging were used to make the index a spatial variable.The results indicated that the proportion of residential and mining land increased quickly,the proportion of secondary saline habitat was much bigger,and the conflict between the producing-construction of oilfield and eco-environment conservation was keen-edged in the recent ten years;The center of ecological risk had transferred from the district of Guangrao to Dongying,the ecological risk was in the tendency of worsen,and the distribution of land ecological was imbalanced greatly,high-risk zone was the residential and mining land denseness district,mainly distributed in Dongying district which was in the mid of the city.Mid-risk zone mainly distributed in the Guangrao district and the district which had serious saline habitat land.Low-risk zone mainly distributed in Hekou district and the east of Kenli county.Finally we put forward some policy suggestions and reconstructive measures of ecological security.