黄土高原地区淤地坝拦沙分析方法研究进展

淤地坝是黄土高原地区水土流失治理中行之有效的沟道治理措施，其通过滞洪拦泥淤地的方式在减沙减蚀方面发挥着至关重要的作用。随着流域生态保护的日趋科学合理，有必要对淤地坝在不同阶段的拦沙量进行定量准确分析，以评估其在水土流失治理中真实具体的效益，为黄河流域高质量发展的精准施策提供参考依据。通过查阅国内外淤地坝相关研究，结合野外调查采样、室内上机测试以及后续相关研究经验，系统总结归纳当前淤地坝拦沙量分析的实地调查、地形测绘法、数理归因法、成因分析法、权重系数法、模型模拟法和指纹识别技术7种方法，阐述各方法原理、步骤、适用性、需要解决的问题等，并对未来淤地坝拦沙量分析进行展望，以期能为进一步精准定量分析淤地坝拦沙量提供参考。

Research Progress on Sediment Retention Analysis Methods of Yudiba Dams in the Loess Plateau

Yudiba dam serves as an effective measure for controlling gully erosion and mitigating soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau. Its role in reducing sediment yield and transport in watersheds is achieved by temporarily obstructing or slowing down floodwaters, thereby retaining sediment and preventing silting into the river. With the ecological protection of the basin becoming more and more scientific and reasonable, it is necessary to quantitatively and accurately analyze the sediment retention of Yudiba dams in different stages in order to evaluate their real and specific benefits in the control of water and soil loss, which can provide a reference for the precise implementation of high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. By consulting the literature and data of related research on Yudiba dams at home and abroad, combined with field investigation and sampling, laboratory instrument testing and subsequent related research experience, this paper systematically summarizes seven methods for analyzing the sediment retention of Yudiba dams: field investigation, topographic mapping method, mathematical attribution method, cause analysis method, weight coefficient method, model simulation method and dating analysis in fingerprint identification technology. The principle, steps, applicability and problems to be solved of each method are described, and the follow-up sediment retention analysis of Yudai Dam is prospected, with a view to providing reference for further accurate quantitative analysis of sediment retention of Yudiba dams.