未经干扰黑土的土壤贮水能力及水分入渗特征

采用双环法和双环刀法,对典型黑土区内未经干扰的山杨天然次生林和草原化草甸（俗称五花草塘）土壤水分入渗特征及贮水能力进行测定研究。结果表明：与撂荒地、休闲地相比,未干扰黑土表现出更强的入渗及贮水能力。在1m深土层内,五花草塘饱和贮水量（5271.14 t/hm^2）高于次生林（4945.91 t/hm^2）,但滞留贮水量二者相差不大,分别为402.20 t/hm^2和425.40 t/hm^2;五花草塘的初渗和稳渗速率分别是8.5 mm/min和1.2 mm/min,次生林相应为7.5 mm/min和3.2 mm/min,在整个入渗过程中,次生林的土壤水分入渗能力要强于五花草塘。研究结果为科学评价典型黑土的贮水能力和水分入渗性能提供了重要的本底值参考。

Water Storage Capacity and Permeability of Undisturbed Typical Black Soil

Based on the methods of double-rings and core sampler,the primitive characteristics of water storage capacity and permeability of undisturbed typical black soil(the prairie meadow and the Populus davidiana secondary forests in Keshan farm,Heilongjiang province) were researched.The results suggested that,the prairie meadow and the Populus davidiana secondary forests had better capability of water storage and permeability compared with abandoned land and fallow land.Within the depth of 1m,the saturated water storage of prairie meadow(5 271.14 t/hm2) was higher than the Populus davidiana secondary forests(4 945.91 t/hm2),but the non-capacity water capacity were closer,respectively 402.20 t/hm2 and 425.40 t/hm2;the soil initial permeability and solid permeability rate of the prairie meadow were 8.5 mm/min and 7.5 mm/min,and the latter are accordingly 1.2 mm/min and 3.2 mm/min,the Populus davidiana secondary forests had the better permeability during the whole process.Above all,this result would provide more important primitive characteristics of water storage capacity and permeability for undisturbed typical black soil scientifically.