燥红土不同土地利用类型土壤侵蚀特征——以云南小江流域为例

云南小江流域土壤侵蚀十分严重，为揭示其侵蚀机理及探索有效治理方法，对其典型土壤——燥红土不同土地利用类型开展了人工降雨产流产沙试验，并运用水分测定仪（TRASE 6050X1 TDR）对土壤水分变化进行动态监测。结果表明：灌草地蓄水拦沙能力最强，坡耕地（坡式梯地沿等高线开挖垄沟种植花生）次之，裸坡地最弱；同种利用类型土壤不同土层传输水分和吸收水分能力不同；在较大雨强（0．61mm／min）且充足降雨条件下，小江流域燥红土地表产流特征经历了以超渗产流为主、超渗产流和饱和产流同时进行、以饱和产流为主的3个阶段。

Soil Erosion Properties of Dry Red Soil in Different Land Types—Case study in Xiaojiang River Basin,Yunnan Province

Soil erosion is very serious in the Xiaojiang River Basin.In order to study on mechanism of dry red soil erosion and approach of soil improved,we conducted the field experiments of soil erosion in different land-used types by artificial rainfall and measured changing of soil moisture by TRASE 6050X1 TDR.The results indicated that: The capacities of control water and soil loss in shrub by land were better than in slope farming land,and in slope farming land better than in bare slope land.The capacities of absorbed and transported water were various in different soil layers.The characteristic of surface runoff can be divided into 3 stages in 0.61 mm/minute of rainfall intensity: (1) infiltration-excess runoff is the main form in surface runoff;(2)both the infiltration-excess runoff and saturated runoff caused at the same time in surface runoff;(3) saturated runoff is the main form in surface runoff.