黄土区采煤塌陷对土壤水力特性的影响*

通过对山西省平朔矿区塌陷区、原地貌和复垦区进行调查采样和实验室分析,研究采煤塌陷对土壤容重、含水量、田间持水量、饱和导水率和土壤崩解速率等指标的影响。结果表明:塌陷区土壤容重、含水量和田间持水量处于弱变异到中等变异区间,饱和导水率和崩解速率均为强变异;塌陷虽使土壤容重增加,但影响幅度不大;土壤含水量受塌陷影响规律不明显;田间持水量受塌陷影响明显(p0.05),较未受损地区降低6.2%~15.5%;在采煤塌陷的影响下,土壤饱和导水率和崩解速率显著增加(p0.05);复垦区土壤水力特性与原地貌没有显著差异(p0.05),且各层次之间差异性也不显著(p0.1)。

The effects of land subsidence on soil hydraulic properties in mining area of the Loess Plateau

The effect of mining subsidence on soil bulk density, water moisture content, field capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil disintegration rate were studied based on field survey, sample collection and lab analysis in mining area of the Loess Plateau. The results showed: bulk density, water moisture content and field capacity of subsidence soil showed low to moderate CV, but saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil disintegration rate were high; soil bulk density was increased caused by mining subsidence, but the impact was little and there was not obvious rule on water moisture content; field capacity saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil disintegration rate significantly affected by the collapse (P<0.05), where field capacity decreased from 6.2% to 15.5% compared with undamaged areas; no significant difference was detected between reclaimed soil and undamaged soil (P>0.05), and differences among depths was also not significant(P>0.1).