大兴安岭岭南几种主要森林类型土壤水文功能研究

通过对大兴安岭岭南5种主要森林类型枯落物和土壤持水性能进行的研究,结果表明：森林枯落物累积量为12.35～48.46 t/hm^2,针叶林的枯落物累积量明显高于阔叶林,各林分枯落物半分解层的累积量为未分解层的1.3倍以上;最大持水率变化范围565.66%～676.36%,平均值617.13%;最大持水量变化范围为92.70～319.96t/hm^2,平均值为193.68 t/hm^2,草类-落叶松林最大,杜鹃-白桦林最小,半分解层的最大持水量为未分解层的1.3～6.1倍。针叶林最大持水量大于针阔混交林,阔叶林最小;各林型的最大拦蓄率为416.55%～545.61%,平均值为454.12%;各林型的最大拦蓄量为71.5～200.27 t/hm^2,林型间平均值为125.97 t/hm^2;各林型的有效拦蓄率变化范围为327.28%～418.99%,林型间平均值为356.52%,有效拦蓄量变化范围为57.60～152.27 t/hm^2,林型间平均值为96.91 t/hm^2;土壤的总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度具有相同的排列顺序,非毛管孔隙度以杜鹃-白桦林最大（14.52%）,草类-落叶松林较小（7.09%）,蒙古栎林的毛管持水量和最大持水量都最大,分别达到了5682.60t/hm^2和7162.80 t/hm^2,草类-落叶松林最低,只有2683.60 t/hm^2和3817.00 t/hm^2。

Research on Soil Hydrology Characteristics of Some Main Forest Type in South Part of Daxing'anling

The litter storage,the water-holding capacities and soil hydrology physical properties in the 5 main forest type in south part of Daxing'anling were studied.The results showed that the litter storage were 12.35~48.46 t/hm2,the litter storage of conifers is higher than that of broadleaf forest,the semi-decomposed litter storage of each forest stand is 1.3 times higher than that of nondecomposed;the max water-holding percentage ranged 565.66%~676.36%,averaged 617.13%;the max water-hoolding capacities ranged 92.70~319.96 t/hm2,averaged 193.68 t/hm2,the highest one is grass-larix,the lowest one is betula;the max water-holding capacities of the semi-decomposed is 1.3~6.1 times higher than that of nondecomposed;the max water-holding capacities of conifers is higher than that of broadleaf forest;the lowest one is that of broadleaf forest.the maximum interception rate ranged 416.55%~545.61%,averaged 454.12%;the maximum interception amount varied 71.5~200.27 t/hm2,averaged 125.97 t/hm2;the modified interception rate changed 327.28%~418.99%,averaged 356.52%,the modified interception amount changed 57.60~152.27 t/hm2,averaged 96.91t/hm2;there are the same order about soil total porosity percent and capillary pore percent;the non-capillary pore percent of betula is highest for 14.52%,the least one is grass-larix for 7.09%,the maximum moisture content and capillary moisture content of oak is highest for 5 682.60 t/hm2 and 7 162.80 t/hm2,the lowest is grass-larix for 2 683.60 t/hm2 and 3 817.00 t/hm2.