莲花湖库区水源涵养林水文效应的研究

对莲花湖库区流域人工林主要林型的降水截持效益、林地和荒草地枯落物层持水性能、土壤层物理性状及其蓄水效益进行了研究。结果表明:红松人工林、兴安落叶松人工林和杂木林林冠截留率分别为34.83%,13.05%,19.61%,树干茎流率分别为6.79%,0.58%,4.01%,穿透率分别为58.37%,86.18%,77.66%。林冠截留量、茎流量、穿透率与降水量均呈显著的正相关,并分别给出了它们之间的经验模型。枯落物层最大持水量变化范围为12.024.0 t/hm2,其大小顺序为红松林>兴安落叶松林>杂木林>荒草地。有效拦蓄量变化范围为2.9445.97 t/hm2,排序为红松林>兴安落叶松林>杂木林>荒草地。几种主要林型和荒草地有效拦蓄率变化范围为53.45e.95%,排序为红松林>杂木林>兴安落叶松林>荒草地。各林型土壤最大蓄水量变化范围为1 838.62 186.3 t/hm2,依次为兴安落叶松林>杂木林>红松林>荒草地。土壤非毛管蓄水量为16.2625.28 mm,依次为兴安落叶松林>红松林>杂木林>荒草地。林地土壤入渗速率显著高于荒草地。从土层厚度来说,土壤入渗速率随土层厚度的下移表现出逐步降低的趋势,即空间特征表现出土层上部>中部>下部。本试验为研究森林的水源涵养功能以及进一步综合评价该地区的森林生态功能提供了重要的科学依据。

Study on Hydrological Effect of Water Conservation Forest in Lianhua Lake Reservoir Area

Studies on the canopy precipitation interception,litter layer water-holding capacity,soil physical property and water holding capacity of main types of artificial forests and waste grassland were made in Lianhua lake reservoir area.The results indicated that the canopy interception were 34.83%,13.05%,19.61%,the stem-flow were 6.79%,0.58%,4.01%,the throughfall were 58.37%,86.18%,77.66% of Pinus koraiensis,Larix gmelinii,weed trees,respectively.The canopy interception,stemflow and throughfall was positively correlated with precipitation amount,the experiential models between canopy interception,stemflow,throughfall and rainfall were given.The maximum water-holding capacity of the whole litter layer ranged from 12.0 to 24.0 t/hm~2,being in the declined order of Pinus koraiensis,Larix gmelinii,weed trees,waste grassland.The modified interception varied from 2.94 to 45.97 t/hm~2,in the declined order of Pinus koraiensis,Larix gmelinii,weed trees, waste grassland.The modified interception rate varied from 53.45% to 65.95%, in the declined order of Pinus koraiensis,weed trees,Larix gmelinii,and waste grassland.The maximum water storage in different forest type varied from 1 838.6~2 186.3 t/hm~2,and the order wasLarix gmelinii>weed trees>Pinus koraiensis>waste grassland;the water holding capacity of non-capillary porosity varied from 16.26~25.28 mm,being in the declined order of Larix gmelinii,Pinus koraiensis,weed trees,waste grassland.The soil infiltration rate in forest land is obviously higher than that in waste grassland.In the matter of soil layer thickness,it manifested a tendency of lowering in soil infiltration rate with the drop layer.In other words,the spatial characteristics of soil infiltration rate along the soil layer is upper layer>middle layer>lower layer. The important scientific proofs for the study of the water and soil conservation functions of the forests and further comprehensive evaluation of ecological function of forests were provided here.