不同灌水条件下分层施肥对冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

为了明确分层施肥在不同灌水条件下对冬小麦产量、耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响,为黄淮海地区小麦高产高效生产实践提供理论依据。结合当地冬小麦灌溉制度采用水肥2因素裂区试验,水分为主区,施肥方式为副区,设置3个灌溉处理:春季不灌水(W_0)、春季拔节期灌水(W_1)、春季拔节期灌水+开花期灌水(W_2),灌水量90 mm/次;2种施肥方式处理:常规施肥处理(F_1)和分层施肥处理(F_2),分析了不同灌水与施肥模式下冬小麦产量、耗水特性和水分利用效率的特点。结果表明:与F_1相比,F_2处理40—120 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量、冬小麦拔节期—开花期耗水强度和农田耗水量显著增加,其中以W_2F_2处理农田耗水量最高。分层施肥处理冬小麦水分利用效率较常规施肥提升14.2%～3.0%,其中以W_1F_2处理水分利用效率最高。在3种灌水条件下,分层施肥处理较常规施肥显者增加了冬小麦的单位面积穗数,产量增加19.8%～6.4%,其中W_(2 )F_2产量最高。因此,建议在水分充足地区,采取小麦春季灌溉拔节水和开花水结合底肥分层施用的管理方式;在水资源短缺地区,采取小麦春季灌溉拔节水结合底肥分层施用的管理方式。

Effects of Layered Fertilization on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat Under Different Irrigation Conditions

In order to clarify the effect of layered fertilization on winter wheat yield, water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency under different irrigation conditions, and provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high efficiency of wheat production practices in Huanghuaihai region, the split plot experiment with two factors of water and fertilizer was adopted combined with the local winter wheat irrigation system. In the experiment, water was taken as the main area, and the fertilization method was taken as the sub-area. Three irrigation treatments were set up, including no irrigation in spring (W₀), irrigation in spring jointing period (W₁), and spring jointing period irrigation + flowering stage irrigation (W₂), the irrigation amount was 90mm/time. Two fertilization treatments were conventional fertilization treatment (F₁) and layered fertilization treatment (F₂). The characteristics of winter wheat yield, water consumption and the water use efficiency under different irrigation and fertilization modes were analyzed. The results showed that compared with F₁treatment, soil water consumption, water consumption intensity of winter wheat jointing to anthesis stage and farmland water consumption of 40-120 cm soil layer in F₂ treatment increased significantly, and farmland water consumption in W₂F₂ treatment was the highest. Compared with conventional fertilization, the water use efficiency of winter wheat in layered fertilization treatment increased by 14.2%~3.0%, the water use efficiency of W₁F₂ treatment was the highest. Under the three irrigation conditions, compared with conventional fertilization, the number of ears per unit area, of winter wheat was significantly increased in the layered fertilization treatment, and the yield increased by 19.8%~6.4%, of which W₂F₂ treatment had the highest yield. Therefore, it was recommended that in areas with sufficient water, the management method of irrigation at spring jointing period and flowering stage combined with layered application of base fertilizer should be adopt, while in water shortage areas, the management method of spring irrigation at jointing stage combined with layered application of base fertilizer should be adopt.