我国西北干旱半干旱区现实土地利用决策研究——基于毛乌素沙地的实地调查分析

土地资源可持续利用是各国政府和生态学家共同追求的目标 ,然而在实践中 ,可持续的理论和方法往往难以贯彻到农牧民现实的土地利用过程中去。究其原因 ,一个重要的方面在于目前局限于自然学科领域内的可持续发展研究 ,过多地关注在土地利用“应该如何做”,而忽略或轻视了现实中的农牧民“实际上如何做”以及“为什么这样做”,因此 ,要改变这种状况 ,面向现实的土地利用决策研究特别需要自然和人文学科的密切合作。基于毛乌素沙地的实地农户调查分析 ,对我国西北干旱半干旱区现实土地利用决策的过程及其影响因素机制 ,进行比较系统的深入研究。着重分析了与土地利用决策密切相关的 3个社会群体 :农牧民 -政府 -环境科学家在土地利用立场、观点、影响力等方面的差异 ,考察了导致现实中不可持续土地利用行为的社会经济根源 ,并对改变这种状况的有效途径进行了探讨。

Exploring Actual Land Use Decision Making in Arid and Semi-arid Regions, Northwest China

Sustainable land use has ever been the same aim of all country government and ecology scientists. However, in reality, theory and method of sustainable development cannot always be implemented into actual land use. One of the main cause is, most research confined in natural branch has emphasized on "what and how should be done" and neglected "what and how is done in reality". On the base of analysis of farmers inspect and investigation on the spot in Mu Us Sandland, a study of actual land use decision making processes and influential factors in that process was paid to the arid and semi arid zone, Northwest China. Differences of those three social groups on standpoint, view and influential force in the process of land use decision making were discussed.