不同种类生物质炭对植烟土壤保育及烤烟生长和品质的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究施加等量(3%)椰壳炭、竹炭、猪炭和烟秆炭对植烟土壤基本理化性质、土壤养分、烤烟生长状况以及烤烟常规化学成分的影响。结果表明:施用生物质炭对土壤电导率、有效养分含量、有机碳含量和酶活性有显著影响,其中施用竹炭后土壤有机碳含量较CK增幅最大,达146.37%;而施加猪炭能显著提高植烟土壤中电导率、有效磷、速效钾含量以及过氧化氢酶和脲酶的活性(p0.05)。生物质炭对烤烟农艺性状的影响较小,仅在猪炭处理下,烤烟茎围较对照增加0.78cm。施用生物质炭能显著提高烤烟的生物量(p0.05),其中猪炭和烟秆炭处理下烤烟叶片干质量较CK分别提高了58.07%和47.01%。另外,在施用竹炭、猪炭和烟秆炭后,烤烟叶片中烟碱、总氮、还原糖和钾均处于优质烟叶适宜范围内。猪炭处理还可以显著提高烟叶氯含量(p0.05),并使烤后烟叶糖碱比和氮碱比达到优质烟叶标准。综上所述,在各类生物质炭中,施用猪炭和烟秆炭对于改善植烟土壤理化性质和养分状况、提高烤烟产量和品质的效果较好。

Effect of Different Biochars on Soil Conservation, Growth and Quality of the Flue-cured Tobacco

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different biochars derived from coconut shell, bamboo sawdust, dead pig and tobacco stalk respectively (at 3% application rate) on the physicochemical properties of tobacco-planting soil, agronomic characteristics of tobacco plant and chemical composition of the flue-cured tobacco leaves. The results showed that the electrical conductivity, contents of available nutrients and organic carbon and enzyme activities of the tobacco-planting soil were influenced significantly by the application of different biochars. The highest content of soil organic carbon was observed in the bamboo biochar treatment, which increased by 146.37% compared to the control. Moreover, the application of pig biochar significantly (p<0.05) increased the electrical conductivity, available phosphorus and potassium, and promoted the activities of catalase and urease in tobacco-planting soil. The application of biochars had a slight influence on the agronomic traits of tobacco plant. The stem girth of tobacco plant in pig biochar treatment increased by 0.78 cm compared to the control. The biomass of tobacco plant significantly (p<0.05) increased, as the dry weight of tobacco leaves increased by 58.07% and 47.01% in the pig biochar and tobacco stalk biochar treatments, respectively, compared to the control. In addition, after the application of bamboo biochar, pig biochar and tobacco stalk biochar, the contents of nicotine, nitrogen, potassium and reducing sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves all conformed to the standard of high quality tobacco. The application of pig biochar also significantly (p<0.05) increased the content of chloride in flue-cured tobacco leaves, and adjusted the sugar/nicotine and nitrogen/nicotine ratios to meet the standard of high quality tobacco. In conclusion, pig and tobacco stalk biochars were more effective than others in improving tobacco-planting soil properties and nutrient status, as well as promoting tobacco biomass and quality in the present study.