不同类型保水剂性能及其对玉米生长效应的比较

为了比较各类保水剂在同等条件下的性能和应用效果差异,促进保水剂在抗旱节水中的合理应用。本文对国内聚丙烯酸钠、淀粉接枝丙烯酸钠、凹凸棒（无机）/聚丙烯酸钠（有机）、腐殖酸/聚丙烯酸钾4种主要类型农用保水剂进行性能测定,比较其吸水倍率、吸水速率、抗离子特性、pH值、反复吸水性等性能的差异。结果表明,不同类型保水剂的性能差异较大,单一性保水剂聚丙烯酸盐在吸水倍率、吸水速率和保水性等方面表现最好,但反复吸水时吸水率降低较快;淀粉接枝丙烯酸钠第7次吸水时已丧失吸水性;复合型保水剂凹凸棒/聚丙烯酸钠、腐殖酸/聚丙烯酸钾抗二价（Ca^2＋,Mg^2＋）和三价（Fe^3＋）离子特性明显,反复吸水性能好;盆栽玉米实验证明,复合型保水剂及其与菌根配比使用能显著促进玉米生长。

Study on Properties of Different Kinds of Water Retentive Agents and Effects on Growth of Maize

In order to understand the property of different kinds of water retentive agents and the applied effects so that to use it reasonably on drought resistance and water saving.The paper is to test the capabilities of major four kinds of water retentive agents,including Poly(acrylate sodium),Starch-sodium acrylate graft copolymers,Poly(acrylate sodium)/attapulgite,Poly(acrylic acid-potassium acrylate)/humic-acid.It was analyzed the absorbency,swelling rate,anti-ionic property,pH,frequent absorbency and so on.The results showed that the capabilities of four different kinds of water retentive agents is very different and the best one of them is Poly(acrylate sodium) that recapitulate swelling rate is decreased fast in re-absorbent swelling;Starch-sodium acrylate graft copolymers has lose the capacity of water swelling in 7th process of water swelling;multi-component water retentive agents,such as Poly(acrylate sodium)/attapulgite and Poly(acrylic acid-potassium acrylate)/humic-acid have a special characteristic on anti-ion with bivalent(Ca2 ,Mg2 ) and anti-ion with three combination(Fe3 ) markedly,respectively,and they all have a good capacity on recapitulate swelling rate.The pot experiments showed that Poly(acrylate sodium)/attapulgite and Poly(acrylic acid-potassium acrylate)/humic-acid,compared to Poly(acrylate sodium)and starch-sodium Acrylate Graft Copolymers as well as mixed use of water retentive agents and mycorrhiza can increase the growth of maize.