土壤生态环境对游憩活动冲击的响应研究

土壤作为旅游区自然环境的构成要素，是游憩活动冲击的主要对象。在野外调查和实验室分析的基础上．采用土壤环境单因子变化率和土壤环境综合响应指数两种方法，探讨游憩活动冲击下的重庆缙云山土壤生态环境的响应水平与规律。结果表明：在游憩活动的冲击下．所有样区土壤的孔隙度、含水量、粘粒、有机质、全氮和碱解氮含量相对于对照点平均减少22．79％．42．03％，40．3l％．39．76％，37．99％和30．87％,土壤pH值和容重平均增加6．59％和56．64％,全磷、有敬磷、全钾和速效钾的变化与游憩活动冲击强度变化没有明显的对应关系。土壤生态环境的综合响应水平由高到低是海螺洞游客活动区（4．655）、八角井游遭（3．386）、杉木园游客活动区（3．298）、308厂-休闲竹林游道（1．433）和白云林海休闲竹林游客活动区（1．264），其响应水平的高低取决于游憩活动冲击的强度和土壤自身的性状。

Study on Responses of Soil Ecological Environment to Impacts of Tourist Activities

Soil is an important element of physical environment in tourism areas and also a main object of tourism impacts.This paper researches the level of soil environmental responses to the impacts of tourist activities in the Jinyun mountain of Chongqing by studying the soil single-factor change rate and the soil environmental response index based on field investigation and experimentation.The results indicate that,due to the impacts of tourist activities,soil water,soil porosity,soil clays,soil organic matters,total nitrogen and available nitrogen of all the samples averagely decrease by 22.79%,42.03%,40.31%,39.76%,37.99% and 30.87% in comparison with the contrasting spots;its pH and bulk density averagely increase by 6.59% and 56.64%;the change rates of soil total phosphorus,available phosphorus,total potassium and available potassium in all samples have not any significant relations to the impacts of tourists activities.The soil environmental responses indexes constitute a high-to-low cline successively from the whelk cave resort(4.655),to the eight-cornered well trail(3.386),the firry garden(3.289),the No.308 factory-the bamboo trail(1.433) and the baiyun bamboo resort(1.264),and their response levels are influenced by the intensity of tourist activities and the attribute of the soil.