辽西半干旱低山丘陵区人工林地表层土壤水文效应

以荒山为对照,对辽西半干旱低山丘陵区人工林地表层土壤水文效应进行了初步研究。结果表明,林地土壤容重以荆条纯林的最小,杨树纯林的最大;林地土壤总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度均是以荆条纯林的最大,杨树纯林的最小;林地表层土壤蓄水容量、有效蓄容、毛管持水量均高于荒山,以荆条纯林的最大,杨树的最小,其中蓄水容量位于701.8~1 328.4 t/hm2之间,有效蓄容位于41.2~411.6 t/hm2之间,毛管持水量位于660.6~916.8 t/hm2之间;林地表层土壤入渗能力较强,以荆条纯林的最大,杨树的最小,稳渗率位于0.03~6.11 mm/min之间,并与总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度均呈显著正相关关系,林地表层土壤入渗速率与入渗时间存在良好的幂函数关系;林地表层土壤涵养水源和保持水土功能大小顺序为荆条纯林>山杏荆条混交林>樟子松封育纯林>华北落叶松纯林>油松荆条混交林>沙棘纯林>杨树纯林。

Hydrology Effect of Artificial Woodland Surface Soil in Semi-arid Low Mountainous Upland Region of Western Liaoning Province

In comparison with barren slope,a pilot study of hydrology effect of artificial woodland surface soil in semi-arid low mountainous upland region of western Liaoning province was carried out.The results indicate that soil bulk density is minimum in Vitex negundo forest,it is maximal in P.simonii forest;Soil total porosity,capillary porosity and non-capillary porosity in Vitex negundo forest are maximal,they are minimum in P.ssimonii forest;soil water storage,effective capacity and capillary water holding capacity of surface soil in woodland are higher than barren slope,soil water storage,effective capacity and capillary water holding capacity in Vitex negundo forest are maximal,they are minimum in P.simonii forest,soil water storage range from 701.8~1 328.4 t/hm2,effective capacity range from 41.2~411.6 t/hm2,capillary water holding capacity range from 660.6~916.8 t/hm2;Infiltration capacity of surface soil in woodland is better,steady infiltration rate in Vitex negundo forest is maximal,it is minimum in P.ssimonii forest,steady infiltration rate range from 0.03~6.11mm/min,there is a significant positive correlation between steady infiltration rate and the total porosity,so as steady infiltration rate and non-capillary porosity,there is power function connection between soil infiltration rate and time;According to function of soil and water conservation in woodland surface soil,we can put the following items as such orders: Vitex negundo forest>Prunus sibirica-Vitex negundo mixed>Pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica forest hillclosed and afforested>Larix principis-rupprechtii forest>P.tabulaeformis-Vitex negundo mixed forest>H.rhamnoides forest>P.simonii forest.