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不同土地利用方式土壤化学性状与酶学指标分析
引用本文:孙启祥,张建锋.不同土地利用方式土壤化学性状与酶学指标分析[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):98-101,159.
作者姓名:孙启祥  张建锋
作者单位:1. 中国林业科学研究院林业所,国家林业局林木培育实验室,北京,100091
2. 国际竹藤网络中心,国家林业局国际竹藤网络中心重点实验室,北京,100102;Soil Institute of Dresden Technological University,Tharandt,Germany 01737
摘    要:在黄河三角洲地区,由于河水携带大量泥沙在人海口淤积,每年形成一定面积的陆地。新生陆地一般营养丰富,适宜耕作.常常被开垦为耕地。由于干旱,天然降雨少,土壤蒸发量大,导致深层土壤水分沿毛细管上升,可溶性盐分离子随之上升到土壤表层,水分蒸发后,盐分离子在土壤表层积累,从而发生土壤盐渍化。进行农业耕作20年后,土壤返盐严重,不再适宜继续耕种。除此之外,还有不同的土地利用方式。本研究选择了5种利用方式,分别测定了土壤溶液电导率、N、P、K、有机质含量等营养状况以及几种土壤酶活性,结果表明:耕地(E)的土壤含盐量最低,营养水平最高,土壤酶活性也最高。草地(G)的土壤含盐量比较高,而营养水平、土壤酶活性也比较高。灌木林地(S)的土壤含盐量比较高,而营养水平、土壤酶活性却比较低,属于立地条件较差的地块。与盐碱荒地(U)相比,它的含盐量降低不少,而营养水平、土壤酶活性也有所改善,说明通过栽植耐盐树木,提高植被覆盖率来改良盐碱荒地是可行的。林地(F和MF)的土壤含盐量比较低,营养水平、土壤酶活性比较高。另外,刺槐与紫穗槐混交林的效果很好,一方面它们都有一定的耐盐性,另一方面都是固氮植物,能够自我积累营养。

关 键 词:土地利用方式  土壤酶活性  土壤化学性状
文章编号:1009-2242(2006)04-0098-04
收稿时间:2006-05-26
修稿时间:2006-05-26

Evaluation of Soil Chemical Properties and Enzymes ActivityUnder Different Land Use Systems
Franz Makeschin,SUN Qi-xiang,ZHANG Jian-feng,Franz Makeschin.Evaluation of Soil Chemical Properties and Enzymes ActivityUnder Different Land Use Systems[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(4):98-101,159.
Authors:Franz Makeschin  SUN Qi-xiang  ZHANG Jian-feng  Franz Makeschin
Abstract:Owing to sands allusion,a certain area of new-formed land annually occurred in Yellow river delta(YRD) region.These lands were characterized with rich nutrients,hence usually were exploited as farmlands.However soil salinisation frequently came forth due to drought and high evaporation when these lands were cultivated.Thereby there were various land use systems in YRD area.In order to approach land degradation mechanism,5 typical land use patterns were chosen,soil samples were specifically collected and soil chemical properties were analyzed,soil enzymes(Invertase,Phosphatases,Catalases) activity as well.The results indicated that soil salinity was lowest,nutrition was best,and soil enzymes activity was highest for arable land.For grassland,soil quality became a little bad,as these lands came from degraded farmlands.For shrub land,soil conditions got much more badly,as these shrubs grew in salinized land.In forested lands including pure stands and mixed forests,soil nutrition and enzymes activity were better,salts concentration also was lower,which implied that trees could ameliorate soil conditions to some extent.Among the five land use types,no doubt,soil quality was worst in wild lands.
Keywords:land use systems  soil enzymes activity  soil chemical properties
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