地下水埋深对春玉米田土壤水分及产量的影响

通过6种地下水位控制处理和对照春玉米试验,探讨了地下水埋深对春玉米农田土壤水分、产量以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,地下水埋深对春玉米0～100cm层次土壤水分的影响较大。地下水位越浅这种影响显得越明显;无论地下水埋深深浅,田间累计地下水补给量变化规律可分为4个阶段,即稳定增长期、缓慢增长期、快速增长期和趋于稳定期。地下水位越高,累计地下水补给量越大,土壤排水量越大。较大降雨后土壤开始排水日期随着地下水埋深加深而滞后;地下水埋深1.0m时春玉米产量和水分利用率最高。地下水位在1.0m以下时,水分利用效率随地下水位加深而减少。

Influence of Water Table on Spring Maize Soil Water and Crop Yield

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of water table management on dynamics of soil water, crop yield and WUE of spring maize. The water table management consisted of six water table control set at 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m, 2.5 m, 3.0 m from soil surface and one free water table. The results showed: different water table has most influence on 0~100 cm soil layer water content of spring maize field. Soil water content varies more seriously under shallower water table, and it lead to more ground water uptake and more water use. The start day of percolation after irrigation or rainfall lagged under deeper water table. The higher crop yield and WUE occurs when water table set at 1.0 m during whole growing season. WUE decrease when water table increase from 1.0 m.