黄河三角洲滩地不同植被类型的土壤贮水功能

以滩涂裸地为对照,对黄河三角洲滩地乔木林、灌木林、草地及农田等4种植被类型改良土壤的盐碱程度、容重和孔隙度状况、土壤入渗性能及蓄水能力进行对比研究.结果表明:不同植被类型均具有一定的压碱抑盐效应.且表土层盐碱含量多低于20-40 cm土层;同时降低土壤容重,增加土壤孔隙度的效应显著,并且对土壤表层的改良效果好于20-40 cm土层.不同植被类型均能改善土壤入渗性能.渗透性能由强到弱表现为乔木林>灌木林>农田>草地,其平均渗透速率分别是滩涂裸地的4.9,3.7,2.9,1.9倍.不同植被类型的土壤饱和蓄水量、毛管蓄水量、非毛管蓄水量均表现为乔木林>灌木林>草地>农田,其饱和蓄水量分别比滩涂裸地高18.3%,11.8%,3.7%和3.5%;土壤涵蓄降水量和有效涵蓄量大小均表现为乔木林>草地>灌木林>农田,且0-20 cm土层的贮水性能均好于20-40 cm.

Soil Water Storage Ability of Different Vegetation Types in Lowlands of the Yellow River Delta

Compared with beaches bare land, characteristics of soil pH value, soil salt content, soil density and porosity, soil infiltration and water-holding of four kinds of, trees, shrubs, grassland and farmland vegetation are researched in lowlands of the Yellow River delta. Results indicate that; different vegetation types has obvious function of controlling soil salinity and alkaline content, and these indexes of 0-20 cm are less than that of 20-40 cm. The soil density decreased, and soil total porosity increased with different vegetation types, and these indexes of 0-20 cm are better than that of 20-40 cm. Soil infiltration capacity in different vegetation types are better than that in bare land, and the average penetration rate of trees , shrubs, grassland and farmland is 4. 9, 3. 7,2. 9,1. 9 times respectively, larger than that of bare land(0. 48 mm/min). Characteristics of soil saturated water content, soil capillary, non-capillary porosity water-holding capacity show this order: trees>shrubs>grassland>farmland, and compared with bare land, soil saturated water content enlargement is 18. 3%, 11. 8%, 3. 7%, 3. 5%. Soil total absorption precipitation and effective precipitation show this order; trees>grassland>shrubs >farmland>bare land, and soil water-holding capacity in 0-20 cm is better than that of 20-40 cm.