广州市蔬菜和菜地土壤砷含量及其健康风险研究

测定了广州市郊区菜地土壤(n=120)、菜地蔬菜(n=109)和市售蔬菜(n=237)中砷含量,结合广州居民蔬菜消费情况,分析了砷对广州居民的健康风险影响.结果表明:不同类型菜地土壤砷含量不同,为菜园土(12.94±9.78)mg/kg>水稻土(8.67±10.24)mg/kg>赤红壤(4.17±3.70)mg/kg,土壤质量主要属于二级标准以内;菜地蔬菜砷含量范围为ND～0.179 mg/kg,均值为(0.017±0.024)mg/kg;市售蔬菜砷含量范围为ND-0.314 mg/kg,含量变化为豆类(0.038±0.047)mg/kg)>根茎类(0.027±0.031)mg/kg>茄类(0.025±0.030)mg/kg>叶菜类(0.024±0.022)mg/kg>葱蒜类(0.019±0.025)mg/kg>瓜类(0.017±0.020)mg/kg,所有蔬菜均没有超过我国食品中砷的限量卫生标准(GB-4810-94).广州市居民从蔬菜中摄入的砷为0.045 mg/d,叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜是主要的贡献者.

Study of Arsenic Concentrations in Vegetables and Soils in Guangzhou City and the Potential Risk to Human Health

The concentrations of arsenic of garden mould(n=120)in Guangzhou suburb,vegetables(n=109)planting in garden mould of Guangzhou suburb,and vegetables(n=237)from Guangzhou markets were determined by hydride generation atomic fluorescent spectrometry after acid digestion.The results showed that the concentrations of arsenic in various soils were obviously different:vegetable soil(12.94±9.78 mg/kg)>rice soil(8.67±10.24 mg/kg)>latosolic red soil(4.17±3.70 mg/kg).most of soils were the environmental quality second class soil.The concentrations range of arsenic in vegetables planting in garden mould of Guangzhou suburb was ND～0.179 mg/kg,mean value was(0.017±0.024)mg/kg.The concentrations range of arsenic in vegetables from Guangzhou markets was ND-0.314 mg/kg and the concentrations of arsenic in various vegetable groups were legume(0.038±0.0.047 mg/kg)>tuber(0.027±0.031 mg/kg)>solanaceous(0.025±0.030 mg/kg)>leafy(0.024±0.022 mg/kg)>bulk(0.019±0.025 mg/kg)>gourd(0.017±0.020 mg/kg).The concentrations of all vegetable samples were less than the Tolerance Limit of Arsenic in Foods for China(TLAFC) of 0.5 mg/kg fresh weight.The TLAFC is the maximum permissible concentration of arsenic in vegetables that will be consumed by people.The daily arsenic intake of resident in Guangzhou from vegetable was 0.045 mg and the leaf and tuber vegetable was the main contributor.