典型黑土侵蚀区自然植被恢复措施水土保持功效研究

利用田间定位实验来分析植被恢复措施的自我恢复能力和其水土保持功效,目的为黑土区土壤侵蚀治理和生态环境建设提供依据。结果表明,植被恢复措施从5月份开始,在4个月的时间内覆盖率可达100%,植物种类丰富。2007年和2008年植被恢复措施年径流水深分别比传统耕作低64.7%和99.7%,比裸地低98.1和99.9%;2008年植被恢复措施径流系数是2007年的19%。2007和2008年植被恢复措施侵蚀模数都少于传统耕作和裸地。2008年植被恢复措施侵蚀模数比2007年低97.2%。自然植被恢复措施能够有效的抑制土壤侵蚀和地表径流的发生,为植物生长提供更多的有效水分。相关分析表明,3种管理措施径流水深与I30和I60都达到极显著水平,地表径流主要发生在6-9月份,土壤侵蚀主要发生在6-7月份。

Effect of Natural Vegetation Recovery on Soil Erosion in Typical Black soil Region Northeast China

Soil erosion is threatening the development of agriculture in black soil region Northeast China, and has been increased more pressure to local environment. The object of this study is to declare the recovery of natural vegetation affecting soil loss and provide method to manage local agriculture and protect environment. In this project, rainfall, runoff, soil loss, and soil moisture from 5 m× 12 m plots were recorded in an experimental field under three management systems in 2007 and 2008. The Vegetation recovery management (VR) system, Keeping the land growing naturally; Conventional tillage management (CT) system, furrows were cultivated three times down slope in growing season, then rotated the whole field and rebuild the ridges; Bare management (B) Keeping the field bare from spring to fall. The runoff of Vegetation recovery in a year was reduced 99.7% and 64.7%, 99.9% and 98.1%, than CT and B in 2008 and 2007, respectively.Sediment in VR was less than both CT and B in the two years. There were significant different between runoff and precipitation, runoff and I30, and runoff and I60 in all treatments. The most of runoff took place from June to September, and soil loss from June to July because higher density precipitations were mainly condensed in these months with lower residual cover rate in July. VR system reduced the runoff, saved much water for plants growing, and was strongly recommended as a good management to reduce soil loss in field.These results indicated VR was the feasible soil and water conservation practice in typical black soil Northeast China. VR adopted in local field can recover quickly and effectively reduce runoff and soil loss.