不同农作措施红壤坡耕地水土流失特征的研究

研究了 6种不同农作措施下红壤坡耕地水土流失特征 ,结果表明 :同顺坡农作措施相比 ,其它农作措施均具有明显减轻水土流失的作用 ,休闲处理能减少径流流失 4 2 .8% ,减少泥沙流失量 85 .0 2 % ;等高土埂处理能减少径流流失 70 .2 0 % ,减少泥沙流失量 95 .0 4 % ;水平草带能减少径流流失 3 2 .3 3 % ,减少泥沙流失量 4 5 .88% ;水平沟处理能减少径流流失 4 5 .6% ,减少泥沙流失量 63 % ;等高农作能减少径流流失 5 6.3 3 % ,减少泥沙流失量 87.70 %。等高土埂、等高农作、休闲处理减轻水土流失的作用优于水平草带和水平沟处理 ;泥沙流失除等高土埂和等高农作以外 ,其它处理均是推移质流失量大于悬移质流失量 ;径流流失和泥沙流失主要集中在 5～ 8月份 ,约占全年流失总量的 80 %以上。影响径流和泥沙流失的主要因素为降雨量、降雨侵蚀力、植被覆盖度等因素。

Properties of Soil and Water Loss from Slope Field in Red Soil in Different Farming Systems

The properties of soil and water losses from slope field in red soil in six farm ing systems were conducted in Lanxi soil and water conservation supervision stat ion, Zhejiang province in 2000.The results showed that: Compared with convention al farming system (treatment 5,straight farming system), other farming system re duced water and soil losses significantly .Fallow farming system dec reased runo ff by 42.8% and sediment by (85.02)%,other farming system, contour dam farming sys tem, grass strip farming system, contour ditch farming system ,contou r farming system decreased runoff by 70.20%,by 32.33%,by 45.60%,by 56.33% and sediment by 95.04%,by 45.88%,by 63%,by 87.7% respectively .Contour dam farming system,cont our farming system and fallow farming system were better than grass strip farmin g system and contour ditch farming system on control losses of soil and water .E xcept contour dam farming system and contour farming system, the loss of bed loa d was exceed to loss of suspend material .Runoff and sediment concentrated in Ma y to August accounting for above 80%,the factors that impacted the losses of so il and water were precipitation,rainfall erosion index,plant coverage.