旱地红壤不同土地利用方式对土壤酶活性及微生物多样性的影响差异

土壤是人类存在与发展的必需物质基础,土地利用的变化直接影响土壤质量。以江西红壤为例,通过野外采样和室内实验分析,研究了旱地红壤的5种土地利用方式:荒地(HD)、茶树园(CSY)、柑橘园(GJY)、花生地(HSD)、玉米地(YMD)的表层土壤(0-15 cm)土壤酶活性及微生物多样性。结果表明:与荒地相比,茶树园、柑橘园、花生地和玉米地的土壤基础呼吸强度分别提高了93.33%,79.71%,9.12%,6.45%;茶树园的土壤微生物量碳含量比荒地的增大了113.67%,而柑橘园、花生地和玉米地比荒地的分别减小了12.35%,6.84%,87.57%;茶树园、柑橘园和花生地的土壤FDA水解酶活性分别比荒地的增大了51.99%,44.04%,25.55%,而玉米地的比荒地的减小了13.62%;茶树园和花生地的土壤脱氢酶活性分别比荒地的增大了2.47%和123.63%,柑橘园的比荒地的增大了35.70%;5种土地利用类型对土壤过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性影响较小。茶树园、柑橘园和花生地的土壤微生物总磷脂脂肪酸量分别比荒地的增大了11.11%,5.56%,2.78%,而玉米地的比荒地的减小了13.89%;茶树园、柑橘园和玉米地的土壤细菌种类分别比荒地的减少约9.09%,4.55%,22.73%;不同土地利用方式的土壤真菌种类数相同,无差异;茶树园和花生地的土壤放线菌种类均比荒地的增大约16.67%,而柑橘园的比荒地的减少约16.67%。说明相比于荒地、柑橘园、花生地和玉米地,茶树园的土壤微生物多样性更加丰富,群落结构也相对稳定,种植茶树更有利于提高土壤质量及对土壤肥力的保持。

Effects of Different Land Use Patterns on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Diversity in Upland Red Soil

Soil is the necessary material basis for human survival and development, and changes in land use patterns directly affect soil properties. Taking Jiangxi red soil as an example, soils from five kinds of land use patterns:wasteland (HD), tea garden (CSY), citrus orchard (GJY), peanut land (HSD), and corn field (YMD) in upland red soil were used through field sampling and laboratory analysis to assess enzymatic activity and soil microbial diversity in surface soil (0-15 cm). The results showed that compared with the wasteland, the soil basal respiration of tea garden, citrus orchard, peanut land, and corn field increased by 93.33%, 79.71%, 9.12%, and 6.45%. The soil microbial biomass carbon of tea garden increased by 113.67% compared with the wasteland, while that of citrus orchard, peanut land, and corn field decreased by 12.35%, 6.84% and 87.57%. Compared with the wasteland, the activities of FDA hydrolysis in tea plantation, citrus orchard and peanut field increased by 51.99%, 44.04% and 25.55%, while the FDA hydrolysis activity in corn field decreased by 13.62%. The dehydrogenase activity in the tea garden and peanut field increased by 2.47% and 123.63% compared with the wasteland, the activity of urease in the citrus orchard increased by 35.70% compared with the wasteland, the catalase activity and sucrase activity were less affected by the five land use patterns. Compared with the wasteland, the total biomass of soil microorganisms in tea garden, citrus orchard, and peanut field increased by 11.11%, 5.56% and 2.78%, while the total biomass of soil microorganisms in corn field decreased by 13.89%. The soil bacterial species in tea plantation, citrus orchard and peanut field decreased by 9.09%, 4.55% and 22.73% compared with the wasteland, there was no difference in the number of soil fungi in different land use patterns. Compared with the wasteland, the species of soil actinomycetes in tea plantation and peanut field both increased by 16.67%, while the species of soil actinomycetes in citrus orchard decreased by 16.67%. The above results showed that compared with wasteland, citrus orchard, peanut land and corn field, the soil microbial diversity of tea garden is more abundant, and the community structure is relatively stable. Planting tea trees is more conducive to improving soil quality and maintaining soil fertility.