宁夏森林枯落物储量与持水性能分析

采用野外实地调查与室内分析相结合的方法,对宁夏10种主要森林类型林下枯落物(未分解层和半分解层)储量、厚度、分解现状、持水率、吸水速率以及拦蓄量进行研究,并分析同一群落类型枯落物持水特性在不同区域的变化。结果表明:枯落物储量在1.06～76.49t/hm2之间,除辽东栎林外,针叶林蓄积普遍高于阔叶林;各森林类型枯落物的最大持水率,未分解层为117.82%～208.05%,半分解层为169.34%～302.85%,持水率随着浸泡时间的延长均按照对数方程增加;研究同一类型不同区域枯落物各层持水性能,发现宁夏范围内青海云杉林各层持水性能无明显差异,而小叶杨林下各层持水性能随区域、林龄的变化有显著变化,而华北落叶松林和油松林各样点都呈现未分解层差异显著,而半分解层差异较小的规律;各森林类型枯落物层的有效拦蓄量为0.11～10.27mm,且针叶林明显大于阔叶林。

Litter Storage and Water-holding Characteristics of Typical Forest Types in Ningxia

By using the methods of field investigation and soaking extraction,the storage,thickness,water-holding rate,water-absorption rate and interception of the litter in 10 forest types of Ningxia were studied,and changes of litter water-holding characteristics among different regions of the same vegetation also included.The results show that the amount of litters was 1.06~76.49 t/hm2,with a rank of conifer forest >broadleaved forest(except Quercus wutaishanica forest).The maximum water-holding rate of the un-decomposed layer ranged from 117.82% to 208.05%,and the half-decomposed layer ranged from 169.34% to 302.85%.These two parameters both increased with soaking time,following a logarithmic curve.The water-holding rate data of Picea crassifolia analysis revealed that there was no obvious difference in three places around Ningxia province,but the case of Populus simonii forest was opposite.Both Larix principis-rupprechtii and Pinus tabuliformis forest follow the law that the un-decomposed layer had a significant change while the half-decomposed layer show slight difference.And the water-absorption rate of both layers reached the maximum value in the first half an hour,slowed down obviously then.The modified interception ranged from 0.11~10.27 mm,followed the order of conifer forest >broadleaved forest.