非充分灌溉对不同花生品种渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

采用防雨棚池栽试验研究不同生育时期非充分灌溉对不同花生品种各生育期叶片膜脂过氧化、渗透调节物质含量和保护酶活性的影响,旨在揭示不同花生品种在不同生育时期对非充分灌溉的响应机制。结果表明,苗期和花针期灌水后,叶片保护酶活性和渗透调节物质含量均有不同程度的降低,随生育期推进和土壤水分降低,其活性升高,但升幅因品种、保护酶和渗透调节物质类型有差异,2个品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、可溶性糖(SS)、游离氨基酸(AA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量均以对水分最为敏感的花针期升幅较大,且‘花育25号’的SOD、CAT、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质(Pr)的升幅大于‘花育22号’;结荚期灌水后,各保护酶和渗透调节物质未表现降低。2个品种全生育期灌水处理与苗期灌水处理间的POD、SOD、CAT、SS、Pr和AA差异不显著,但2个品种两处理间Pro和MDA含量存在差异。全生育期水分胁迫条件下,SOD、CAT活性显著低于生育期灌水处理,但SS、Pr、Pro和MDA含量明显升高,尤以‘花育25号’变幅较大。POD活性对灌水时期响应相对较弱,SOD和CAT是花生适应土壤水逆境的主要保护酶。

Effects of Non-sufficient Irrigation on Different Peanut Leaf Protective Enzyme Activities and the Content of Osmotic Adjustment Solutes

The method of pool culture in rainproof installations was used.The effects of non-sufficient irrigation in different growth stages on leaf membrane lipid peroxidation,osmotic adjustment matter content and the protective enzyme activity of different peanut varieties in each growth period were studied.The aim was to reveal the response mechanism of different peanut varieties to non-sufficient irrigation in different growth stages.The results showed that leaf protective enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment matter content reduced in different degrees after irrigation in seedling and flowering-pegging stages.Though their activities increased with the promotion of growth period and soil moisture reduction,but the increasing range differed due to the difference of variety,protective enzymes and osmotic adjustment matters.The increasing range of leaf SOD,CAT,the content of soluble sugars,free amino acids and proline of two varieties were larger in flowering-pegging stage,which was the most sensitive stage to water stress.And the increased range of leaf SOD,CAT,soluble sugars,and free amino acids content of ’Huayu 25’ were larger than ’Huayu22’.The protective enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment matter content did not reduce after irrigation in pod setting stage.Though the activity of SOD,POD,CAT,AA,the content of soluble sugars and protein had no obvious difference of two varieties under irrigation in whole growth stage and seedling stage,the content of proline and MDA of two varieties were different under two different treatments.Though the activity of SOD,CAT in water stress under whole growth stage reduced obvious compared with irrigation treatment,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein,proline and MDA were increased significantly.Achanging range of ’Huayu 25’ was larger than’Huayu22’.The activity of POD was weakly affected by irrigation stage.SOD and POD were the mostly protective enzymes of peanut to adapt to soil water stress environment.