不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析

以四川盆地西缘山地的典型坡面为材料，研究了不同土地利用方式和地形部位条件下土壤物理性质和养分的分异特征，结果表明，3个坡面地形部位(上坡位，中坡位，下坡位)，下坡位土壤物理结构性能较好，而人工林与坡耕地、荒草地相比较，人工林更能增强土壤的结构性。土壤养分分异特征表明，在不同利用类型条件下。土壤有机质、氮素和阳离子交换量CEC在人工林中含量最高，且与其他两种利用类型中的含量差异显著，有机质、碱解氮和CEC三者含量差异达到极显著水平。相关分析表明，土壤表层有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈极显著正相关。而坡面位置中，与上坡位，中坡位相比，下坡位土壤养分含量普遍要高，其中CEC含量差异达到极显著水平，相关分析表明，CEC与土壤粘粒呈极显著正相关。结果说明土壤物理性质与养分特征在坡面上的分异特征是山地坡面利用类型与地形部位共同作用的结果。

Soil Physical Properties and Nutrient Properties under Different UtilizationStyles and Slope Position

This paper discussed the soil physical properties and nutrient characteristics under different utilization styles and slope position in western hilly land of Sichuan Basin. The results showed that among three landscape positions (upper slope, middle slope, lower slope), the lower slope had better soil physical properties than upper and middle slope. Simultaneously, reforested land improved soil physical properties more obviously compared to farmland and waste land. Soil nutrient properties showed: Under various soil utilizations, the content of soil organic matter, nitrogen and cation exchange capacity was highest in reforested land, and it had notable difference compared to farmland and waste land. The correlation analysis indicated that the content differences of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkai-hydrolyzable nitrogen were significantly positively correlative. The content of soil nutrient was higher in lower slope compared to upper and middle slope. But only the content of CEC was the best significant difference among three slope positions, the content of CEC was positively correlative with the content of soil clay. The results showed that soil physical properties and nutrient properties largely depended on the land utilization and landscape on slope.