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氮肥用量对太湖水稻田间氨挥发和氮素利用率的影响
作者姓名:LIN De-Xi  FAN Xiao-Hui  HU Feng  ZHAO Hong-Tao  LUO Jia-Fa
作者单位:[1]Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) [2]Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL33031 (USA) [3]College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China) [4]College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007 (China) [5]Land and Environmental Management Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton (New Zealand)
基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程项目;国家自然科学基金;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)
摘    要:Ammonia volatilization losses, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yields in response to urea application to a rice field were investigated in Wangzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China. The N fertilizer treatments, applied in triplicate, were 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, or 350 kg N ha^-1. After urea was applied to the surface water, a continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure ammonia volatilization in the paddy field. Total N losses through ammonia volatilization generally increased with the N application rate, and the two higher N application rates (300 and 350 kg N ha^-1) showed a higher ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N. Total ammonia loss by ammonia volatilization during the entire rice growth stage ranged from 9.0% to 16.7% of the applied N. Increasing the application rate generally decreased the ratio of N in the seed to N in the plant. For all N treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 30.9% to 45.9%. Surplus N with the highest N rate resulted in lodging of rice plants, a decreased rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduced rice yields. Calculated from this experiment, the most economical N fertilizer application rate was 227 kg ha^-1 for the type of paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. However, recommending an appropriate N fertilizer application rate such that the plant growth is enhanced and ammonia loss is reduced could improve the N utilization efficiency of rice.

关 键 词:中国  太湖流域  水稻田  尿素  氨挥发  氮利用
收稿时间:6 February 2007
修稿时间:2007-01-062007-05-12

Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen utilization efficiency in response to urea application in rice fields of the Taihu Lake region, China
LIN De-Xi,FAN Xiao-Hui,HU Feng,ZHAO Hong-Tao,LUO Jia-Fa.Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen utilization efficiency in response to urea application in rice fields of the Taihu Lake region, China[J].Pedosphere,2007,17(5):639-645.
Authors:LIN De-Xi  FAN Xiao-Hui  HU Feng  ZHAO Hong-Tao and LUO Jia-Fa
Institution:Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China). E-mail: dexzlin2000@yahoo.com.cn;College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China);College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University, Fuzhou 350007 (China);Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China). E-mail: dexzlin2000@yahoo.com.cn;Department of Soil and Water Science, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL33031 (USA);College of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 (China);Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China). E-mail: dexzlin2000@yahoo.com.cn;Land and Environmental Management Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton (New Zealand)
Abstract:Ammonia volatilization losses, nitrogen utilization efficiency, and rice yields in response to urea application to a rice field were investigated in Wangzhuang Town, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province, China. The N fertilizer treatments, applied in triplicate, were 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, or 350 kg N ha-1. After urea was applied to the surface water, a continuous airflow enclosure method was used to measure ammonia volatilization in the paddy field. Total N losses through ammonia volatilization generally increased with the N application rate, and the two higher N application rates (300 and 350 kg N ha-1) showed a higher ratio of N lost through ammonia volatilization to applied N. Total ammonia loss by ammonia volatilization during the entire rice growth stage ranged from 9.0% to 16.7% of the applied N. Increasing the application rate generally decreased the ratio of N in the seed to N in the plant. For all N treatments, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency ranged from 30.9% to 45.9%. Surplus N with the highest N rate resulted in lodging of rice plants, a decreased rate of nitrogen fertilizer utilization, and reduced rice yields. Calculated from this experiment, the most economical N fertilizer application rate was 227 kg ha-1 for the type of paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region. However, recommending an appropriate N fertilizer application rate such that the plant growth is enhanced and ammonia loss is reduced could improve the N utilization efficiency of rice.
Keywords:ammonia volatilization  N application rate  N utilization efficiency  paddy soil  rice yield
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