施用氮肥对设施红地球葡萄氮素吸收及产量和品质的影响

为给祁连山沿山区设施红地球葡萄氮肥合理施用及产量品质提升提供技术指导。在4年生红地球葡萄大棚内，设置浅施(20 cm)和深施(40 cm)2个施肥深度，低氮(N 180 kg/hm2)、中氮(N 240 kg/hm2)和高氮(N 300 kg/hm2)3个氮素水平，研究氮肥施用对祁连山沿山冷凉区设施红地球葡萄产量、品质及氮素吸收的影响。结果表明，施用深度相同时，氮肥施用量从180 kg/hm2增加到240 kg/hm2，葡萄发育期叶片和叶柄氮含量显著增加；氮肥施用量从240 kg/hm2增加到300 kg/hm2，葡萄发育期叶片和叶柄氮含量变化不显著，但收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量明显增加。氮肥施用量相同时，随着施用深度的增加，葡萄发育期叶片和叶柄氮含量显著降低，收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量明显增加。综合考虑葡萄产量、品质、果实发育期叶片和叶柄氮含量，以及收获期0～100 cm土层硝态氮残留量，20 cm的施肥深度和240 kg/hm2的氮肥施用量为本试验条件下祁连山冷凉区设施红地球葡萄较为适宜的氮肥施用方式。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on the Yield, Fruit Quality and Nitrogen Uptake of 'Red Globe' Grapes in Greenhouses

The purpose of this study was to provide technical guidance for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer and the improvement of yield and quality for the facility ''Red Globe'' grape production along the Qilian Mountains. t-year-old ''Red Globe'' grape in greehouses was taken as the experimental material, 2 nitrogen application depths including shallow application (20 cm) and deep application (40 cm), and 3 nitrogen rates including low nitrogen (180 kg N/ha), medium nitrogen (240 kg N/ha) and high nitrogen(300 kg N/ha) were applied to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on the yield, quality, and nitrogen uptake of greenhouse ''Red Globe'' grapes in the cold and cool areas along the Qilian Mountains. The results showed that at the same application depth, the nitrogen contents in grape leaves and petioles were significantly increased during the development stage when the nitrogen fertilizer rate was increased from 180 kg/ha to 240 kg/ha. No significant changes in nitrogen contents of grape leaves and petioles during the development period were observed when the nitrogen fertilizer rate was increased from 240 kg/ha to 300 kg/ha. However, the residual amount of nitrate nitrogen under the 0 to 100 cm soil depth was significantly increased during the harvest period. Under the same nitrogen fertilizer rate, with the increase of application depth, the nitrogen contents in grape leaves and petioles during the development stage were significantly decreased, and the residual nitrate nitrogen under the 0 to 100 cm soil depth during the harvest period was significantly increased. When grape yield, quality, nitrogen contents in leaves and petioles during fruit development were fully taken into account, as well as residual nitrate nitrogen under 0 to 100 cm soil depth during harvest, a fertilization depth of 20 cm and a nitrogen fertilizer rate of 240 kg/ha were the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application method for the greenhouse ''Red Globe'' grape production in the cold and cool area of the Qilian Mountains under the current experimental condition.