陇东黑垆土区冬小麦肥料利用率研究

为探明平凉市黑垆土区测土配方施肥方式、机械施肥方式及配施生物有机肥下冬小麦肥料利用率，提高当地冬小麦生产的肥料利用率，实现化肥减量和小麦增产。进行了测土配方施肥、机械施肥、配施生物有机肥等冬小麦氮磷钾肥利用率试验，结果表明，测土配方施肥方式、机械施肥方式及配施生物有机肥均能够更好地促进冬小麦对氮磷钾养分的吸收，从而提高冬小麦的产量，其中配施生物有机肥对促进冬小麦增产，提高氮肥、磷肥利用率效果较好，而测土配方施肥对提高钾肥利用率效果较好。通过对各试点冬小麦籽粒产量、秸秆产量及其养分分类归并，应用肥料利用率计算方法得出，平凉市冬小麦生产中氮肥、磷肥、钾肥平均利用率分别为40.57%、20.61%、61.06%。

Experimental Study on Fertilizer Utilization Rate of Winter Wheat in Longdong Black Loessial Soil Area

To explore the fertilizer utilization rates of winter wheat under formula fertilization by soil testing, mechanical fertilization, and combined application of bio-organic fertilizer, to improve the fertilizer utilization rate in winter wheat production and to achieve better yield with less amount of fertilizers applied in Pingliang black loessial soil area. Experiment on utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers used by winter wheat under different fertilization methods i.e. formula fertilization by soil testing, mechanical fertilization and combined application of bio-organic fertilizer was carried out. Results showed that all three fertilization methods could promote the upates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and therefore the yields of winter wheat could be promoted. Combined application of bio-organic fertilizer showed ideal results in increasing yield, utilization rates of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, whereas formula fertilization by soil testing showed ideal result in increasing utilization rate of potassium fertilizer. Based on winter wheat grain yields, straw yields and the irnutritive values data collected from experimental sitesand by the application of fertilizer utilization rates calculation, the mean utilization rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in winter wheat production in Pingliang were 40.57%, 20.61% and 61.06%, respectively.