基于遥感的艾比湖流域近20年生态服务价值对土地利用变化的响应

新疆艾比湖为我国西部的国门湖泊，是准噶尔盆地西南部边缘最低洼地及水盐汇集中心，探究艾比湖流域的土地利用变化及其生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征对于我国西北部地区环境策略的合理制定有重要的意义。以艾比湖流域为研究区，以1990—2011年的五期Landsat-TM系列多光谱遥感影像为基础数据源，采用Costanza生态系统服务价值计算公式，参照谢高地等的中国陆地生态系统服务单位面积价值，并结合敏感度分析，探讨了艾比湖流域1990—2011年土地利用和生态系统服务价值的变化特征。结果表明:1990—2011年间，艾比湖流域土地利用处于发展阶段，土地利用程度呈现增大的趋势；研究期内生态系统服务价值总体呈上升趋势，从161.69亿元增加到163.99亿元，增加了2.3亿元；林地、草地、水域的生态系统服务价值是生态系统服务的主体部分，占整个系统的84.19%以上；艾比湖流域总体生态环境质量则呈现出恶化的趋势；虽然流域各类具有高生态价值的土地利用类型面积的扩大有利于整个流域生态质量的改善，但其整体生态环境仍然比较脆弱，还有待提高。

Response of Ecological Service Value to Land Use Change in Nearly 20 Years in Ebinur Lake Region of Xinjiang Based on Remote Sensing

As the portal lake of Xinjiang, China, Ebinur Lake is the lowest wash and the center of water and soil in south-western Junggar basin. Its ecological environmental problems seriously threatened due to the land use and land cover change of Ebinur Lake to the sustainable development in the northern slope economic zone in China, even threatened the safety and smooth of the Asia—Europe continental bridge. It is significant for reasonable formulation of environmental policy of northwestern China to explore the land use and land cover change of Ebinur Lake and its temporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service value. This study took the typical Ebinur Lake for the study site. The temporal variation characteristics of ecosystem service values were studied by using five temporal Landsat-TM multispectral remote sensing images from 1990 to 2011 and the computational formula of Costanza ecosystem service value as well as the sensitivity analysis and Chinese land ecosystem service value per unit area created by Xie Gaodi. The conclusions are as follows: in 1990—2011, the land use of Ebinur Lake showed an increasing trend; the degree of land use presented the tendency of increase; during the research period, the ecosystem service values showed the general rose, which increased 230 million Yuan from 16.169 billion Yuan to 16.169 billion Yuan; woodland, grassland, water area ecosystem service values are the main part of the ecosystem services, accounting for more than 84.19% of the whole system; the overall ecological environment quality of Ebinur Lake is showing a worsening trend; although the expansion of basin for land use types with high ecological value area is helpful for the improvement of the quality of the whole river basin ecological, its overall ecological environment is still relatively weak and needs to be improved.