黄土区大型露天煤矿复垦排土场植被恢复立地类型划分——以安太堡露天煤矿为例

露天开采对土地破坏严重，立地条件复杂。只有综合环境因素与植被生态习性，针对不同的立地类型进行植被配置与管护才能达到对矿区生态修复的目的。为此以安太堡露天煤矿西排土场为研究对象，选定58个样点，在样点10 m×10 m范围内对海拔、坡向、坡位、坡度、坡型、覆土基质、覆土厚度、土壤容重、土壤含水量、有机质含量、全氮含量、植被类型组合、归一化植被指数（NDVI）、地面非均匀沉降、河流动能指数、地形起伏度，共18个立地因子进行调查。分析排土场立地条件及特征，运用SPSS聚类分析法对样点进行立地类型划分。最终划分为平台、边坡2个立地小区；平台小区化分为9个立地类型组、13个立地类型，边坡小区化分为9个立地类型组、20个立地类型。研究结果可以为排土场立地改良、植被恢复与维护及生态系统恢复提供依据。

Type Classification for Vegetation Restoration on Dump of Large Opencast Coal-Mine in Loess Area -Taking Antaibao Opencast Coal-Mine as an Example

Opencast mining has led to severe land damage and intricate site conditions, only by taking full accounts of environmental factors and ecological habits of vegetation and, according to different site types, conducting appropriate vegetation configuration and management can make the goal of ecological restoration of mining area achieved. Thus, the western dump of Antaibao opencast coal mine was selected as the site, 58 samples were taken in this research site. Within the scope of 10 m×10 m at each sample plot, the total amount of 18 site factors were examined, such as altitude, aspect, slope position, slope, slope type, soil matrixes, soil thickness, soil bulk density, soil water content, organic matter content, total nitrogen content, vegetation type, NDVI, non-uniform settlement of ground, relief degree of land surface and rivers momentum index. Based on the analysis of site conditions and characteristics of dump, site type was divided by using the clustering analysis method of SPSS. The study area was eventually divided into 2 site areas: the platform and the slope. The platform area was classified into 9 site groups and 13 site types; similarly, the slope area was divided into 9 site groups and 20 site types. This classification can provide the guidance for the improvement of mine site conditions, vegetation restoration and maintenance as well as the local ecosystem restoration.